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Biologie a diverzita kryptosporidií infikujících myši domácí (Mus musculus)
PRANTLOVÁ, Veronika
Cryptosporidium spp. are globally distributed unicellular parasitic protozoa of the phylum Apicomplexa that infect a wide range of vertebrates, including humans. Their exogenous developmental stages are resistant to most disinfectants and no effective drugs have been developed to date. Cryptosporidium infections of humans and many livestock have been well studied over the past 30 years, but our knowledge of Cryptosporidium spp. in small mammals has been inadequate. Recently, detailed studies of cryptosporidia have been carried out in a number of rodents, especially mice, voles, rats or tree and ground squirrels. This thesis aims to add to our mosaic of knowledge data on the prevalence, diversity and biological characteristics of cryptosporidia in the house mouse (Mus musculus), the most common unwelcome visitor to human settlements.
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Unbalanced changes in cancer cells genome and its role in cancer pathogenesis
Lhotská, Halka ; Zemanová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Jarošová, Marie (referee) ; Kuglík, Petr (referee)
Malignant transformation of cell is characterized by genomic instability that involves unbalanced changes besides other things. We analyzed genomic aberrations, promoter methylation and mutations of several clinically relevant genes using I-FISH, mFISH, mBAND, CGH array, SNP array, MLPA, MS-MLPA and MS-PCR methods. We focused on two groups of patients well known for frequent appearance of unbalanced changes - patients with malignant brain tumors (gliomas) and patients with myelodyspastic syndromes (MDS). In patients with low grade glioma (WHO grade I - II), the codeletion of 1p/19q (82,6% oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas), mutation of IDH1/IDH2 genes (87% WHO grade I-II gliomas), copy neutral loss of heterozygozyty of 17p (72,2% astrocytomas) and higher presence of unbalanced aberration in astrocytomas belongs to the most frequent findings. We described yet unpublished methylation of MLH3 gene promoter in 60,9% oligodendrogliomas and in 27,3% astrocytomas. We also observed clonal evolution in patients with recurrent tumors. We studied secondary rearrangements of deleted chromosome 5 in patients with MDS and complex karyotype and we described its most recurrent translocation partners and breakpoints. We observed chromothripsis in 49% of these patients and it was frequently associated with...
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Unbalanced changes in cancer cells genome and its role in cancer pathogenesis
Lhotská, Halka ; Zemanová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Jarošová, Marie (referee) ; Kuglík, Petr (referee)
Malignant transformation of cell is characterized by genomic instability that involves unbalanced changes besides other things. We analyzed genomic aberrations, promoter methylation and mutations of several clinically relevant genes using I-FISH, mFISH, mBAND, CGH array, SNP array, MLPA, MS-MLPA and MS-PCR methods. We focused on two groups of patients well known for frequent appearance of unbalanced changes - patients with malignant brain tumors (gliomas) and patients with myelodyspastic syndromes (MDS). In patients with low grade glioma (WHO grade I - II), the codeletion of 1p/19q (82,6% oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas), mutation of IDH1/IDH2 genes (87% WHO grade I-II gliomas), copy neutral loss of heterozygozyty of 17p (72,2% astrocytomas) and higher presence of unbalanced aberration in astrocytomas belongs to the most frequent findings. We described yet unpublished methylation of MLH3 gene promoter in 60,9% oligodendrogliomas and in 27,3% astrocytomas. We also observed clonal evolution in patients with recurrent tumors. We studied secondary rearrangements of deleted chromosome 5 in patients with MDS and complex karyotype and we described its most recurrent translocation partners and breakpoints. We observed chromothripsis in 49% of these patients and it was frequently associated with...
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Cryptosporidial infection in hedgehog
HUCLOVÁ, Kristýna
This study involves the morphological, biological, and molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. in hedgehogs. Course of infection based on 405 isolates from 15 hedgehogs obtained during a few months was observed. Morfological and molecular analyses were conducted to detect oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. Altogether 69 (17.01%) samples from 11 hedgehogs were morfologically positive and 81 (19.9%) samples were molecular positive. Only 4 individuals remained negative, the cumulative prevalence represented 73.3 % of total samples. Oocysts from monitored hedgehogs measuring 4.94,7 m (mean = 4.8 m) × 4.0-3.8 m (mean = 3.9 m) with a length to width ratio of 1.22 (1.261.20) (n = 50) in native were indistinguishable from those of C. erinacei and C. parvum. Molecular analyses based on small subunit rRNA, 60 kDa glycoprotein and Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein revealed presence of C. parvum and C. erinacei. Cryptosporidium parvum IIdA18G1 was detected in 11 hedgehogs. Mixed infection with C. parvum with C. erinacei was observed in 3 animals. The C. parvum IIdA18G1 genotype has never been described in hedgehog before. It belongs to zoonotic IId subtype family frequently found in goats and lambs. This subtype was identified in lambs from Great Britain and Spain and also in children from Kuwait. Cryptosporidium erinacei is adapted to hedgehogs and it does not appear to cause clinical disease in hedgehogs. All positive individuals were juvenile and wild hedgehogs.
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