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Possibility of increasing the quality of soybean seed
Procházka, Pavel ; Capouchová, Ivana (advisor) ; Milan, Milan (referee)
In three-years experiments soya seeds were treated with biologically active compounds: Lignohumate B (mixture of humic and fulvic acids), Lexin (mixture of humic and fulvic acids enriched by auxins), brassinosteroid (syntetic analogue of natural 24 epibrassinolide) and so-called complete seed treatment (mixture of saturated solution of sucrose, Lexin, fungicide Maxim XL 035FS and adjuvant on the base of pinolene Agrovital). During vegetation following characteristics were observed: field germination, density of vegetation after germination and before harvest, height of plants, height of apical part of the lowest pod from the ground and yield. The results imply that the most effective way of seed treatment is the complete seed treatment, which ensured the yield of 3.29 t of seeds per hectare (average for three years), the second best was the treatment with the compound Lexin, thanks to which the achieved yield was 3.18 t of seeds per hectare. Laboratory experiments showed that application of biologically active compounds Lignohumate B, Lexin and brassinosteroids has possitive effect on not only laboratory germination of seeds, but also on seed vitality (detected laboratory germination after accelerated aging test). All used biologically active compounds increased laboratory germination rate, rate of plants with opened cotyledons, rate of plants with opened true leaves and amount of above-ground and underground biomass in the initial phases of growth. In the same time, laboratory experiments proved, that even if chosen parts of evaluated varieties had very similar laboratory germination, among others declared by seed producer, vitality test (accelerated aging test) showed considerable differences in vitality (thus even in quality) of chosen parts of seeds. Three-years experiments showed, that desiccation of soya vegetation in BBCH phase minimally 89 (desiccated was mainly eventual weed infestation) does not have negative effect on quality of produced seeds. Desiccation was done in six different variations (used preparatives: Aurora 40 WG, Roundup Rapid, Reglone, Basta 15, Desicate, DAM 390). Results proved, that if we use the same preparatives in BBCH phase 79-85 (desiccated was mainly vegetation, which was photosyntheticly active), than preparatives (mainly Roundup Rapid, Basta 15 and partially Reglone) have negative influence on quality of produced seeds, mainly on their vitality (laboratory germination after accelerated aging test).
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Induction of suppressive soil by introduction of mycoparasitic fungi against important plant pathogens
STREJČKOVÁ, Monika
This M. Sc. thesis is based on using of mycoparasitic fungi Trichoderma virens, Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata in biological control against phytopathogenic fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium solani. The efficacy of mycoparasitic fungi against pathogens was evaluated in dual cultural tests. The strains of T. virens and C. rosea f. catenulata isolated from soils in the Czech Republic were tested in the experiment. Reference strain was GL 21 fungus T. virens reisolated from commercially available bio-preparation SoilGard and strain C. rosea f. catenulata reisolated from Prestop Mix. All the strains were tested for biological and production properties. All strains are able to colonize the substrate and to suppress the growth and development of pathogens. Strain GL 21 of T. virens was used for seed coating of variety Scirocco in combination with products Guar gum and Carboxymethyl cellulose, which served as a carrier for stick on conidia. After 3 days, the effect of fungus T. virens was evaluated on energy of germination, development of roots of grain. The grain health was determined after 7 days. The fungus T. virens has a positive effect on the grains germination and grain health. During the vegetation the influence of seed coating by T. virens was observed on growth and development of spring wheat. The parameters such as number of plants per m2, tiller numbers, plants health, stand height, number of grains in the spike and thousand grain weight (TGW) were evaluated. During the vegetation the fungus T. virens has positive effect on the plant height.
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