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Vztahy mezi vývojem počasí, porostním mikroklimatem pšenice ozimé a napadením důležitými patogeny
Haraštová, Alena
The diploma thesis is focused on relationships between winter wheat pathogens occurrence, the weather and the microclimate in wheat stand. Attention was aimed at the incidence of Blumeria graminis, Mycosphaerella graminicola, Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici, Pyrenophora tritici - repentis, pathogens from Fusarium genus and pathogens causing diseases of stalk bases. The evaluation was carried out in research station Žabčice during main part of growing season in the year 2015. Pathogens were determined and evaluated by degree of pathogen infection on five selected fungicidal untreated winter wheat varieties. At the same time the progress of vertical stratification of air and soil temperature in or under wheat canopy was evaluated, respectively. Those measurements were compared with temperature at the two closest climatological stations - in Žabčice and Brno - Tuřany.
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The influence of the temperature on the phenology of tomato
Kolaříková, Dagmar ; Türkott, Luboš (advisor) ; Brigita, Brigita (referee)
This dissertation discusses the impact of temperature on the phenology of tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum). The aim of this work is to offer a complete overview of tomato growing in temperate zone conditions, describe the phenology of the plant, and define the physiological demands regarding temperature in each phase of the plants growth. Then, use this information during field experiment and analyse the dynamics of initiation of each phenological phase in relation to temperature. Tomato plant is a fruit vegetable, even though in some countries, it is classified rather as a fruit. It is a thermophilic perennial plant which due to its specific temperature requirements is grown as annual plant in temperate regions. Many varieties are classified as so-called F1 hybrids, in which the hybrid effect is profitable particularly due to earlier and higher yields and better resistance to diseases. Phenology studies the rate of plant growth in each development stage (so-called phenological phases) in relation to weather and climate. The development of tomato plant goes through the following phenological phases: germination, leaf development, formation of side shoots, inflorescence emergence, flowering, development of fruit, ripening of fruit (seed), and senescence; and these phases each have specific temperature requirements.
The experiment itself was undertaken at two field locations: in Prague 6 Suchdol and in Mochov. The plants used in the experiment were LSL hybrid varieties of Palava F1 tomato and Thomas F1 tomato, which were treated in a standard way throughout all stages of vegetation. During the vegetation period, their growth characteristics such as specific phases of growth and their representation in the planted area were determined. The amount of dry biomass and the leaf area index (LAI) of selected specimens were examined. The results were analysed and put into graphs and tables.
After analysis of all acquired data, it was confirmed that tomato plant has specific environmental requirements in each phase of growth. These requirements then also vary depending on the plant variety. In general, it can be said that from all climatic factors, tomato is most sensitive to air temperature. Air temperature outside the planted area was higher than air temperature within the planted area. In the case of both varieties, phases of growth stagnated especially when temperature changed dramatically, reaching over the tropical 30°C or decreasing significantly. At the course of vegetation, the LAI value grew but during the heatwave and subsequent temperature drop, the leaf area was damaged and the LAI decreased at both locations. Each variety reacted differently depending on its adaptability to higher temperatures.
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