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Biochar Effect on the Microbial Processes in Soil
Losová, Anežka ; Sovová, Šárka (referee) ; Kalina, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the investigation of the biochar effect on the microbial processes in soil. The theoretical part describes the properties of the soil, the characteristics of biochar, the definition of the methods of its production and the influence of biochar on microbial activity in soil. The experimental part was focused on optimization of the conditions for assessing of the effect of biochar on the rate of mineralization of soil organic matter through monitoring of the release of carbon dioxide from soil without biochar and from the biochar-amended soil with NPK fertilizer. Carbon dioxide was sorbed into sodium hydroxide during the incubation and the released amount was determined by titration. In the following part of the thesis, the experiments were focused on assessing the effect of increased soil temperature and humidity on the amount of CO2 released by soil respiration. Experimental data showed that biochar promoted the microbial activity and this effect was even enhanced by addition of NPK fertilizer to a defined amount of biochar. The increased temperature negatively influenced the microbial processes in soil, as the rate of soil respiration of carbon dioxide decreased. Excessive moisture had also a negative effect on microbial activity, resulted in the slowed rate of the soil respiration. In summary, biochar has a positive effect on microbial activity and the rate of mineralization of soil organic matter in a defined amount under the appropriate conditions and it can be used as a suitable soil conditioner in agriculture.
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Biochar Effect on the Microbial Processes in Soil
Losová, Anežka ; Sovová, Šárka (referee) ; Kalina, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the investigation of the biochar effect on the microbial processes in soil. The theoretical part describes the properties of the soil, the characteristics of biochar, the definition of the methods of its production and the influence of biochar on microbial activity in soil. The experimental part was focused on optimization of the conditions for assessing of the effect of biochar on the rate of mineralization of soil organic matter through monitoring of the release of carbon dioxide from soil without biochar and from the biochar-amended soil with NPK fertilizer. Carbon dioxide was sorbed into sodium hydroxide during the incubation and the released amount was determined by titration. In the following part of the thesis, the experiments were focused on assessing the effect of increased soil temperature and humidity on the amount of CO2 released by soil respiration. Experimental data showed that biochar promoted the microbial activity and this effect was even enhanced by addition of NPK fertilizer to a defined amount of biochar. The increased temperature negatively influenced the microbial processes in soil, as the rate of soil respiration of carbon dioxide decreased. Excessive moisture had also a negative effect on microbial activity, resulted in the slowed rate of the soil respiration. In summary, biochar has a positive effect on microbial activity and the rate of mineralization of soil organic matter in a defined amount under the appropriate conditions and it can be used as a suitable soil conditioner in agriculture.
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Direct effect of eutrophication on microbial processes in wet meadows soils with accent on nitrogen cycle
MACH, Jiří
Increased nutrient input to wet meadows ecosystems often leads to eutrophication. This thesis observes direct effect of fertilization on microbial processes and transformations of nitrogen in three different types of soils. A laboratory experiment consisted in one-shot nutrient addition (fertilizer NPK). Changes in C, N, P microbial biomass, changes in transformations of nitrogen (nitrification, mineralization N, asimilation N, denitrification) and changes in mineralization C (soil respiration) were studied during 21 days.
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Nutrient and salinity effect on microbial processes in tropical wetlands
Černá, B. ; Elhottová, Dana ; Rejmánková, E. ; Šantrůčková, H.
Changes in microbial characteristics due to an increasing phosphorus loading were observed on wetland sediments in northern part of Belize. These primarily oligotrophic, phosphorus limited wetlands also substantially differed in salinity. The quantity and quality of organic material produced by autotrophs affect the composition and activity of sedimentary microflora and consequently P and N cycles. As effect of an increasing P loading the portion of autotrophs is changed from the predominance of cyanobacteria in oligotrophic wetland through predominance of .i.Eleocharis./i. sp. to predominace of .i.Typha./i. sp. in eutrophic wetland. There is presumption of the shift from P limitation to N limitation due to decrease in overgrowth of cyanobacteria and so decrease in N input by autotrophic N.sub.2./sub. fixation. The extent of the shift will depend on the size of internal N cycle and the ability of heterotrophic microflora, mainly nitrogen fixators, to afford sufficient amount of N.
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