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Kvantitativní zastoupení bakterií rodu Lactobacillus v lidském zažívacím traktu v závislosti na změně stravovacích návyků
Kolísková, Kateřina
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of quantitative representation of the bacterial family in the human digestion system depending on changes in eating habits. The start of literary digest addresses general characteristics of digestion microbiome and its bacterial represen-tation. The most comprehensive part belongs to individual factors, who influenced overall number of bacterial species inhabiting the digestion microbiome. The last chapters of the theoretical part belong to cultivative and molecular biological methods, which are used in examination of the human digestion tract. Experimental part focuses on differences in the number of individual bacteria in the samples of human excrements, whose presence was determined by cultivative methods. Isolation of bacterial DNA was performed, which was subsequently confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. In resulting values, we observed small changes (p < 0,05) in bacterial species L. acidophilus a L. rhamnosus at the end of the second period. All bacterial families, except Bacteroides, had downward tendency (p > 0,05). Based on acquired data from food records, we observed changes in consumption of basic macronutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrates) and fiber. Only in carbohydrates and sim-ple sugars, we observed statistically provable differences (p > 0,05). Final analysis proved that changes in eating habits did not influence the total number of bacterial species inhabiting digestion microbiome.
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Use of microbial community structure as a marker of conditions in underground biotops
Burkartová, Kateřina ; Falteisek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Drahota, Petr (referee)
The amount of data obtained by barcoding of prokaryotic 16S rDNA from natural habitats is increasing exponentially. Thus, methods enabling us to extract useful information from these data are of increasing importance. In this thesis microbial communities from water, sludge and drilling dust were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing in three geologically well described sedimentary aquifers in Bohemian Massif. The main goal of this research was to establish how different analytical approaches can be useful in interpretation of groundwater biogeochemical processes. Three approaches were used: First, taxonomy and metabolic traits of the most abundant microorganisms were assessed. Second, ordination methods showing metabolic and taxonomic variability between communities were used. Last the analysis of phylogenetic dissimilarity using UniFrac metrics was performed. When analyzing individual localities separately, the shift in microbial community composition corresponds with the change of environmental conditions. The unconstrained ordination method based on the variability in metabolic traits indicated, that sludge samples are more informative than water samples when asking which electron donor is used in microbial communities. On the other hand, unconstrained ordination methods were useless when the...
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