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Study of the use of crops for phytoremediation of contaminated soil by pharmaceuticals
Hamplová, Marie ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
Pharmaceuticals leaking into the environment from wastewater and livestock farms raise concerns about the impact on the ecosystem and human health. Residues of pharmaceuticals present in soil are subject to a number of biotic and abiotic processes, including uptake, translocation and accumulation by plants. The ability of plants to accumulate or degrade pharmaceuticals could have potential applications in the process of 'phytoremediation', where plants and their associated micro-organisms are used to stabilise, degrade or remove contaminants from the environment. In the framework of this thesis, experiments on phytoremediation of drug-contaminated soil by the cover crop oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. Oleiformis) under controlled conditions were conducted. Soil samples were extracted by ultrasonic extraction, plant samples by QuEChERS method and the final analysis of drugs was performed by UPLC-MS/MS. Oilseed radish produced a large amount of aboveground biomass compared to the other two crops and the presence of drugs had no negative effect on its growth. However, the determined levels of each drug in the soil and in the crop showed insufficient effectiveness of phytoremediation. The accumulation of drugs by the crop was low except for residues of the antidepressant venlafaxine. Therefore, according to these results, oilseed radish is not a suitable crop for phytoremediation of drug-contaminated soil. Experiments were also carried out with the root vegetable radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. Sativus) and carrot (Daucus carota L.) to assess the risk to human health associated with the accumulation of drugs in vegetable roots. The risk has not been demonstrated in terms of the amount of established drugs in the roots. Only the metabolite clofibric acid accumulated to a higher extent and the antibiotic trimethoprim was the most translocated to the aerial parts of the crop. The rate of uptake and translocation of drugs by the plant depended on many factors, as their content varied considerably between drug groups and between parts and types of crops.
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Meziplodiny a zaplevelení obilnin
Pluschková, Zuzana
The aim of this master’s thesis was to determine the types of weeds in intercrops and subsequent cereals, to evaluate changesin weeding and to estimate the long-term effects of intercrops on cereal weeding. The weeding rate was evaluated using a numerical method. In the company Hoštická a. s., weeding was observed in various mixtures of intercrops and subsequently cultivated spring barley and maize. In a field experiment carried out at the experiment station Ivanovice na Hané weeding was observed in a barley monoculture after a sown intercrop and after skimming. The results were processed using statistical methods. Weed species were also divided according to different criteria (according to biological properties, according to origin, according to invasive status and according to harmfulness). The results show that monoculture of barley can increase the species representation of weeds. In the long term, intercrops can suppress some types of weeds. Intercrops allow the sprouts of the previous crop to emerge and prevent weeding of subsequent crops. As the diversity of intercrops increases, the list of ecosystem services expands.
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Vliv druhově bohatých meziplodin na půdu
Žák, Oldřich
Sufficient organic matter in the soil is necessary to maintain soil fertility. Numerous studies show that using cover crop mixtures can better prevent erosion, increase yields of the main crop, reduce pesticides and herbicides, reduce fertiliser, reduce diseases and pests, ultimately prevent nitrogen leaching and improve the overall impact of farming on biodiversity. Our experiment suggests that the impact of species-rich cover crops could be positive if proper management is followed.
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Půdoochranné technologie pěstování kukuřice s výsevem do mulče meziplodin
Reiter, Michal
The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate soil conservation technologies in the maize cultivation using cover crops. Biomass production was studied in selected cover crops. The influence of various tillage technologies and cover crops on the maize grain yield was monitored, and the number of maize plants in a row was evaluated. The exper-iment took place in 2018/2019 in Žabčice, at the school farm of Mendel University. Five types of cover crops were covered in the experiment: green peas, oats, mustard, phacelia and lucerne. Three options of tillage were studied: strip tillage, minimum tillage and no tillage. The oats showed the largest production of biomass. The largest production of maize grain was without using any cover crops, but some cover crops had almost the same grain production. Out of the cover crops, the best influence on the yield was by oats, otherwise the lowest influence on the yield was by lucerne. Maize achieved the highest yield after the minimum tillage technology.
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Uplatnění meziplodin jako stabilizujícího prvku v protierozní ochraně
MORŤANIK, Michal
The aim of the diploma thesis is, in the first part, the processing of literary research on the topic of erosion, types of erosion, anti-erosion measures, sustainable development, ecological stability of the landscape and the so-called intermediate crops. In the second part of the work is mapped, using the Wischmeier - Smith equation, the impact of the area of interest of the Lohenice cadastre, the village Koberovice water erosion and the influence of individual sowing procedures on the amount of washed soil.
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Uplatnění meziplodin jako stabilizujícího prvku v protierozní ochraně
PICKA, Patrik
The bachelor's thesis on the topic of the application of intermediate crops as a stabi-lizing element in anti-erosion protection aimed to assess the usability of intermediate crops in sowing procedures in agriculture. Other examined variables included the evaluation of the effect on the increase of water retention in the landscape and the anti-erosion efficiency of the vegetation cover. A locality located in the Tábor dis-trict, in the cadastral area of Želeč u Tábora, was selected for the research plan. The work was divided into several parts for clarity. The first, theoretical part of the work deals with the issue of erosion, its distribution, the principles of protection against water erosion and, last but not least, also deals with intermediate crops, which can be used as a stabilizing element in erosion protection. The second part of the work introduces the selected locality and is supplemented by calculations of land-slide in this area. Soil loss was calculated using the Wichmeier - Smith (1978) equa-tion for the sowing procedure without intercrop and with the intercrop. The results of the sowing procedure with intermediate crops were compared and subsequently evaluated. The results of the work showed that the use of catch crops is very favorable for the soil and should be commonly included in sowing pro-cedures. This is due to their ability to improve the soil and extend the duration of the vegetation cover.
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The solution of anti-erosive protection for the model catchment area Jenín
URBANOVÁ, Michaela
Target of the thesis is examination and evaluation of water-erosion influence on farmlands in the catchment of the Jenín brook. In the case of heightened erosive washes it should to suggest anti-erosive measures. In practical section a calculation of erosive washes trough the use of the Wischmeier-Smith equation is presented. This calculation evidences excessive erosive wash just about 60 % of area. Because of this reason the following options of anti-erosive measures were suggested: option Nr. 1 - the rotation of crops with one intercrop; option Nr. 2 - the rotation of crops with two intercrops and Nr. 3 {--} the delimitation of plantation {--} a change of the arable land on the grassland. For these measures the erosive wash was calculated. In results the calculations and evaluation of particulars options of erosive measures are presented. In the end the evaluation of all outcomes in relation to existent land use is concluding.
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Možnosti inovace systému zpracování půdy v zemědělském podniku
Brabec, Jan
This thesis is focused on Mr. Pohanels farm and its tillage system. First, the work discusses findings from the literature sources about soil tillage systems. The following part is focused on characteristics of the farm, its production, natural conditions and brief history of the farm. It describes the historical and current agricultural technology and economical evaluation of current soil tillage system. The next part proposes innovations of the soil tillage system, with respect to improve the soil condition, possibility to increase the yields of major crops, and reduce fuel consumption. In the end is made a comparison of existing and proposed soil tillage system.
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