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Radical view of subjectivism according to L. M. Lachmann and its implications for consumer theory
Panáčková, Eliška ; Špecián, Petr (advisor) ; Máslo, Lukáš (referee)
This Bachelor Degree Thesis is concerned with methodological approach of the radical subjectivist economist Ludwig M. Lachmann and application of his approach on consumer theory. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether is methodological approach of Lachmann compatible with the approach used in mainstream consumer theory, eventually how these approaches are different. The first part deals with the context of radical subjectivism, its pivotal points and the general differences in methodology of Lachmann and mainstream. Then I devote the work of Alfred Schutz, George L. S. Shackle and Max Weber, on the basis of which Lachmann reached the radical approach. In the practical part I apply radical subjectivism on the consumer theory and according to these result I evaluate these approaches are not compatible. Arguments of radical approach is not supported by strong evidence, and this approach is incapable of giving prediction more quality alternative of consumer theory.
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(Non)Austrian General Theory of the Good
Ivanská, Barbora ; Špecián, Petr (advisor) ; Chmelová, Pavla (referee)
The thesis is concerned with the question whether the general theory of the good as formed by Carl Menger is in accordance with the methodology of the Austrian school of economics. The individual aspects of the general theory of the good contradicting the methodological subjectivism are identified using a theoretical analysis based on the initial characteristics of methodology and theory. The general theory of the good had become a part of Austrian paradigm despite some of its flaws. It is Mises's, Hayek's and especially Rothbard's ways of using this theory that are subjected to criticism in this thesis.
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Financial Crisis and Methodology of Economics
Kovanda, Lukáš ; Pavlík, Ján (advisor) ; Loužek, Marek (referee) ; Bažantová, Ilona (referee)
The thesis deals with significant moments in the relationship between methodology of economics and implications of the financial crisis culminating in 2008 and 2009. Its key insight rests upon the claim that some theoretical concepts developed within mainstream economics do not tackle the reality adequately and contributed in a significant way to the sequence of events leading to the financial crisis. Most of those concepts were introduced in the second half of the 20th century, during a "high tide" of positivistic ideas in the domain of methodology of mainstream economics. Though the same ideas had been already discredited to a large extent by the philosophy of science at the time, mainstream economists did not reflect it satisfactorily. Aside from a historical expose the thesis consists also of an outline of a possible future development of the prevailing form of economic theory; four scenarios of future potential development are presented. In the final parts of the thesis, which are focused more specifically, the author appraises negatively options of the Austrian School as well as post-Keynesianism to influence in a more significant manner the mainstream economics during the post-crisis era.
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Is theory of value an unjustly overlooked subject of economics?
Färber, Jan ; Pavlík, Ján (advisor) ; Potužák, Pavel (referee)
This thesis presents a positive answer to the question: "Is theory of value an unjustly overlooked subject of economics?" The positive answer is arrived at by analysis of logical and historical genesis of the concept of value itself and consequences of its nature to both concept of value and its applicability, as well as for economics proper and some of its subject matters (choice theory, theory of money and welfare theory).
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Neuroeconomics
Houdek, Petr ; Pavlík, Ján (advisor) ; Bartoň, Petr (referee)
This thesis deals with current discourse whether methods of neuroscience generate useful tools for standard economics to understand, predict and ideally guide behavior of humans, social groups and the whole economies. An initial methodological analysis concluded that the usefulness of neuroeconomics is still only potential, since this approach is not able to answer substantial questions of economics in better way than tools existing. Following sections of thesis summarized representative research in the field of decision neuroscience in the areas of intertemporal decisions, decision-making under risk and uncertainty and the strategic interactions, and social preferences respectively. It has been demonstrated that many findings of decision neuroscience offer a partial confirmation of specific economic models already or provide inspiration for creating new ones.
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The invisible hand of market: Adam Smith and G. W. F. Hegel
Krištofóry, Tomáš ; Pavlík, Ján (advisor) ; Lipka, David (referee)
Hayek's interpretation of Smith's invisible hand as a metaphor for the theory of spontaneous order still holds as the only authentic interpretation of that famous phrase, despite all criticism. Although not many authors noticed it, Hegel was a theorist of spontaneous order, namely also a theorist of the spontaneous order of market economy. There is evidence that Hegel followed here Adam Smith's teachings about the invisible hand. The invisible hand is present in Hegel's writings as an element, from what sprang his theory of spirit. That means that his theory of spirit is a general theory of spontaneous order, although written in metaphysical manner. However, being a theorist of spontaneous order didn't prevent him from being an interventionist. He was led to interventionism by his synoptic fallacy of mind. He never tried to apply this fallacy on the studies of the market economy. Marxists did that. Some of recent scholars (Sciabarra, Johnson, and Cristi) identified Hegel's theory of spontaneous order, but their interpretation wasn't perfectly in accordance with Hegel's texts. How these authors denied Popper's and Hayek's incorrect opinion that Hegel was a totalitarian, thus it is needed to enrich studies of mentioned current scholars. Here it is taken into account only what Hegel wrote, not later authors about him. This thesis is also an attempt to evaluate the history of economic thought from the standpoint of Smith's and Hegel's methodology.
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