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Residue analysis from archaeological ceramics using specific antibodies and mass spectrometry
Pavelka, Jaroslav ; Kučera, Lukáš (konzultant)
Important information preserved in the form of biological markers - so-called organic residues containing food residues - can be preserved on ceramics under special conditions. By analyzing them, it is possible to determine the type of food being prepared or consumed in the past. For this reason, a laboratory procedure based on the ELISA method (Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) was developed, primarily aimed at determining the presence of denatured proteins from medieval ceramics, which uses available and certified kits for immunological analysis. The approved methodology is intended for scientific experts from the ranks of archaeologists, bioarchaeologists and immunologists working with archaeological material.
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Parotitis virus antibodies tetsing and the interpretation of the results
KOMANOVÁ, Kateřina
The article covers diagnostics of Mumps (Epidemic Parotitis) based on the antibody testing and the interpretation of the resuslts. Data were collected from January 2011 to December 2012 in laboratory of virology, Hospital České Budějovice. The article is divided into a two parts, theory and investigation. Theoretical part covers the history of the virus. Mumps were first described by Hippocrates in 5th century BC as infectious disease with swelling of the salivary glands near the ears and in adult males painfull swelling of the testes was described. The Virus was first cultured on a chick embryo by Habel (1945). The size of virion shows considerable variation. Usualy the diameter is 150-200 nm, but occasionally bigger virions (up to 340 nm in dimeter) are observed. The virus is enveloped. Mumps virus is taxonomically located in the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Rubullavirus. Human is the only natural host of Mumps virus. Virus can be found mainly in saliva, but occurs in maternal milk, blood and multiple organs. The virus is transmitted mainly by droplets, but transmission by contaminated toys or other items was observed. The vaccination against Mums was introduced in former Czechoslovakia on 1st April 1987. The vaccination significantly reduced the number of cases of the disease. Diagnosis in the laboratory may use direct or indirect detection. The direct detection may use culture on the appropriate cell line or detection of viral RNA by RT-PCR. Different serological tests have been used to demonstrate specific antibodies. At present, the ELISA methods are the most used. Recently developed multiplex method for detection of the antibodies to several agens in one test may be used. The experimental part of bachelors thesis involved testing of patient´s sera by the method of Enzyme Linkes Immune Sorbent Analysis (ELISA) with parotitis antigen. For detection of IgG, simple sanwich ELISA was used, for the detection of IgM capture ELISA was used.. The goal of experimental part was to evaluate the results of the testing of the Mumps antibodies in patient's samples in Hospital České Budejovice and to assess the frquency of the disease in our region. The investigation covered the period from January 2011 to December 2012. Three hypothesis were set. The first hypothesis presumed that most of the Mumps cases will occur in childhood. In our result, some cases in childhood were proved, but the maximum of the case was proved in young adults. In the second hypothesis was presumed that because of the previous vaccination, the diagnosis will be more complicated and repeated testing will be necessary. This hypothesis was proved. In most of vaccinated patients with clinical Mumps, in first sample only IgG was proved and IgM occured in second (paired) sample after 1-2 weeks. The third hypothesis presumed, that there will be some amount of seronegative patients probably without immunity to Mumps. This was proved in 14,8 % of male and 14,7 % of female vaccinated population. Our results showed, that highest incidence of Mumps was in vaccinated population. In females in age 20-25 years, in males in 16-20 years. The results of the investigation can be used for laboratory practice, publication or for education.
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