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Vliv tělesné kondice krav českého strakatého skotu před porodem na následné metabolické, produkční a reprodukční parametry
Vařejka, Vojtěch
The diploma thesis assesses influence of physical condition of Czech spotted cattle before birth on the subsequent metabolic, production and reproductive parameters. Monitoring lasted from February 2020 to March 2021 on the dairy farm in Lísek in the Highlands. The physical condition of dry cows was assessed fourteen days before the expected parturition using a five-point BCS (Body Condition Score) system with an accuracy of 0.25 points. Dairy cows were routinely sampled on the 8th day after birth and the level of ẞ-hydroxybutyrate in the blood was determined using a stable test. Data for comparing production and reproduction indicators were obtained from performance checks, the Plemdat portal and the WebSkot program. Data from dairy production used for our monitoring were limited to 60 DIM (lactation day). The mutual influence of BCS on the level of ketone bodies in the blood, on the fat and protein content in milk were compared, when no statistical evidence was proved. Highly statistically significant differences (p <0.01) were noted between high degree of fitness (BCS), milk yield and length of service period. Blood levels of β-hydroxybutyrate in excess of physiological values were considered to be ketosis. Comparable effects of ketosis showed statistical significance (p <0.05) between ketosis, milk yield and ratio of fat to protein. A highly statistically significant difference (p <0.01) was observed between clinical ketosis and somatic cells in milk.
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Zásady výživy krav v tranzitním období
Vojkovský, Jiří
This bachelor thesis titled Principles of cow nutrition in transition period is focused on description of basic cows requirements for composition of ration, especially energy density, mineral elements and vitamins. The first chapter deals with dividing of nutrients and their importance for ruminants. In the following part there are subscribed basic principles of feeding dairy cows with total mixed rations prepartum and postpartum. The next part is focused on preventive nutritional factors with regard to the restrictions of the risk of postpartum disorders in cows. In the last part there is described the meaning of undesirable microorganisms in bulk feed and their negative influence on the organism.
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Vliv vybraných nutričních faktorů na metabolismus a kvalitu a složení mléka dojnic
Mikyska, Jan
The aim of the diploma thesis was to determine and evaluate the effect of calcium preparations of so-called bolus applied to dairy cows during parturition and preparations containing selenium and vitamin E on the metabolism of dairy cows, as well as on the quality and composition of milk. The experiment was taking place from January 2020 to February 2021 and included a total of 43 high-pregnant heifers and cows. The animals were divided into 4 groups. The first group was a control (K), the second group (ESe) received Vita E Selenium, the third group (CaB) received Bovikalc calcium boluses, and the last group (CaR) received Rindavital Calcivit calcium boluses. Blood was repeatedly taken from all animals and the first colostrum after birth. Blood samples were taken at three intervals, 3 weeks before birth, approximately 12 hours and 30 days after birth. BCS was also evaluated during sampling. Levels of ketone bodies, calcium, phosphorus and glutathione peroxidase activity in the blood were determined in the laboratory. The quality of the colostrum was evaluated by measuring on a digital refractometer. Another parameter evaluated was the examination of individual milk samples taken during the first efficiency test after calving. The results of the experiments did not clearly demonstrate a positive or negative effect of application of the products on the monitored parameters of blood tests (GPx activity, calcium and phosphorus concentrations, ketone bodies concentration), BCS, colostrum quality, or parameters evaluated in dairy performance control. No significant differences were found between the groups. In cows given a calcium bolus of Bovikalc, there was no significant increase in blood ketone bodies and a decrease in Ca concentration in the post-parturition period compared to the control group, suggesting a possible positive effect on energy metabolism and stabilization of Ca concentration in the blood of cows around parturition. Similar results regarding the dynamics of changes in blood calcium have been found in cows applied vitamin E and selenium. In addition in the CaB group, significantly higher concentrations of ketone bodies and lower lactose content were demonstrated in milk which does not confirm the positive effect of the applied bolus on energy metabolism. Based on results the positive effect of the application of the prod-ucts cannot be considered proven.
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Výživa dojnic v tranzitním období
HAVLÍČEK, David
The bachelor thesis Nutrition of dairy cows in the transition period deals with the nutrition of dairy cows in the peripartum period with emphasis on the prevention of metabolic disorders. The basic feeds used for the nutrition of dairy cows are described from a single-souled perspective. Characteristics of essential nutrients. Phasic nutrition and metabolic disorders caused by poor nutrition. The actual work was based on information obtained from five farms. Information was obtained on feed ration, housing method, feeding technique and incidence of metabolic disorders. From the information obtained, it can be said that most of the selected farms choose the right methods and practices in feeding dairy cows in transit. However, deficiencies were found in two holdings based on a lack of knowledge of the nutrient composition of the feed and in one case an unbalanced ration. There are no serious problems related to metabolic disorders in any of the selected holdings.
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Výživa vysokoprodukčních dojnic v první fázi laktace
Paulíčková, Michaela
The aim of my bachelor thesis was to describe the nutrition of high-productive dairy cows during the first phase of lactation and to introduce the basic feed used in the nutrition of high-productive dairy cows. The next points of my bachelor thesis are the needs of nutrients of high-productive dairy cows and description of consequences of poor nutrition in connection with production and reproduction and with influence on metabolism. The thesis is focused on nutrition of high-productive dairy cows and changes in metabolism due to poor nutrition. At the beginning of the thesis the anatomy of the proventriculus and the ventriculus of the cattle, their physiology of digestion and their movement, rumination and production of gases are described. The next part of thesis focuses on feed used in dairy cows and is divided into grass-fed and grain-fed. After that brief nutritional characteristics during the first phase of lactation and nutritional requirements of dairy cows, such as energy, dry matter, carbohydrates, nitrogenous substances, fiber, fats, minerals and vitamins follow. The second half of thesis deals with the impact of poor nutrition on production, namely what effect have nutrients on content of individual components in milk and how dietetic errors are reflected in reproduction. The thesis also deals with metabolic disorders from the point of view of nutrition and feeding technique.
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Výživa dojnic v peripartálním období
PAČESOVÁ, Kristýna
This thesis concerns about dairy cow nutrition before birth and shortly after birth. In this thesis is briefly described the physiology of digestion and food fermentation process, basic nutrition of dairy cows and individual phases of the transition period. The characteristics of the basic nutrients and used feed point out to the importance of the correct assembly of the feeding program. Unsuitable or insufficient nutrition of dairy cows in this phase leads to postpartum complications. In the consecutive parts of this thesis is described the nutrition during the dry period, the usage of feed aditives and the correct composition of feeding program in the individual stages of dairy cows gestation period. In the conclusion are summarized the main conditions for proper feeding of dairy cows and the composition of feeding program, the suitable concentration of feed energy in the individual stages of the dry period and recomended feeding of the feed aditives.
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Analýza fázové výživy dojnic v daném zemědělském podniku
VONA, Barbora
The thesis deals with the analysis of the phase feeding in herds of Holstein cattle in specific operating conditions and its relation to milk yield and health of dairy cows. In the reference event to be optimized ration drystanding cows and lactating cows in comparison protocols laboratory analysis of mixed rations to standard NRC by the enterprise uses for compiling rations. The thesis was evaluated the effect of ration on milk yield and content of milk components and also affect the incidence of metabolic disorders. The aim of the thesis was to analyze the phase nutrition of dairy cows in the reporting company in relation to milk production and health, to evaluace the quality of feed rations, some feed and feeding technique. It was found that the monitored parameters do not match any breed mixed rations used in the standard, which could lead to reduced levels of production and reproduction and deterioration in health of dairy cows. It was further found that in the observed rearing occur very frequent occurrence of metabolic disturbances and fluctuations in the milk production.
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Informovanost žáků 8. a 9. ročníků základních škol o chronických neinfekčních nemocech
KOLMANOVÁ, Aneta
The aim of this diploma thesis was to assess the current knowledge of the pupils of 8th and 9th grades of primary schools about selected chronical non-infectious diseases (known as civilisation diseases). The pupils of rural and urban types of primary schools have taken part in the questionnaire survey. The theoretical part is focused on the characteristics of selected diseases, their causes and prevention. In the practical part, the results of the survey are processed and evaluated.
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Nutrition of the transition cow
BEŇASOVÁ, Veronika
This bachelor thesis titled Nutrition of the transition cow deals with nutrition of dairy cows in peripartum period with regard to prevention of development of metabolic diseases. Anatomy of digestive system and physiology of digestive processes are briefly described. Characteristic of nutrients and of the most common feeds used for nutrition of dairy cattle serves as introduction to formulation of dairy rations. Metabolic diseases caused by inadequate nutrition in transition period are the biggest problem in this period that farmer has to face to. In closing main rules of feeding dairy cows before and after calving, composition of dairy rations and recommended feeding additives are summarized.
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Eating attitudes anda habits on adolescents in the Pilsen region
CÍROVÁ, Vanda
This bachelor thesis deals with the eating habits of pupils at elementary schools and of the third-year students of high school. The theoretical part deals with the definition of teenagers and adolescents eating habits and attitudes, the principles of a healthy diet, fluid intake, the most common eating disorders, metabolic disorders and obesity. The practical part contains the research carried out at selected elementary and secondary schools. Results are compared by gender, education level and evaluated in the chronological order of individual questions.
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