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Mammary diagnostics - attitude and awareness of women
HRBKOVÁ, Jana
Over 7000 cases of breast cancer are diagnosed each year, which makes it the most common malignant disease in women in the Czech republic. Despite its constantly increasing incidence, mortality rates are stagnating and recently these rates even have tended to decrease slightly. The most common methods used for breast examination are mammography and ultrasonography. Nationwide breast cancer screening programme was launched in the Czech republic in 2002. This screening helps to detect cancer at an early stage. Mammography screening is covered by public health insurance for all women over the age of 45 once per two years. Breast self-exam is also a big part of secondary prevention. The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to analyze breast cancer prevention and mammary diagnostic awareness of women over the age of 18. In order to collect necessary data for my thesis a questionnaire survey was conducted. The electronic survey, which I created on website www.vyplnto.cz, was filled in by 533 female respondents. All the results of the survey were displayed in pie charts. Questions no. 10-23, which were focused on awareness, were also displayed in bar charts. These bar charts show the percentage of correct answers by age category. Thanks to the data from the survey I was able to answer research questions. In the first research question, I asked which age group has the least awareness of breast cancer prevention and mammary diagnostic; in the second research question, I wanted to know if more than 50 % of interviewed women perform breast self-examination. I evaluated that the oldest age group, i.e. respondents over the age of 65, has the least awareness of breast cancer prevention and mammary diagnostic. The survey also revealed that more than 50 % of interviewed women perform breast self-examination.
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Development of the mammographic screening in the Czech Republic
KREJČÍ, Klára
Nowadays the most common cancer among women in the Czech Republic is represented by malignant tumour in breast. The nationwide mammographic screening programme was officially introduced in the Czech Republic in September 2002 and it is based on regular and preventive mammographic screening to women in order to detect early any neoplastic disease even in cases when women do not have any symptoms or difficulties. The main aim of the mammographic screening is to confirm or to disprove malignancy and if the malignancy is detected then to make sure that it is in the earliest stage. The thesis focuses on the development of the mammographic screening in the Czech Republic but it also pursue the number of mammographic screenings to number of recording of carcinoma no matter whether it is about the whole number of recorded carcinoma or the number of carcinoma in terms of mammographic screening and also in number of private patience. The first aim of the thesis was to find out which doctor often sends their patients to mammographic screening whether it is a general practitioner of a gynaecologist. These data were found out from the Mammographic screening Centre in Havlíčkův Brod. The second aim was to analyse the most frequent reason of patients, who requested the screening themselves. To collect the data it was done by a questionnaire method which answered sixty women. Thirty of them answered it in a clinic Medipoint Ltd and other thirty of them in the Mammographic screening Centre Havlíčkův Brod. The questionnaire was done by women younger than 40 years old who were tested for the ultrasound screening as by women over 40 years old who were tested for the mammographic screening. The information filled in this questionnaire included the date, the region they are from, age, and the reason why they came privately for the mammographic or ultraviolet screening. The hypothesis, that the number of mammographic screening requested by private patients is increasing, was confirmed due to the collected data from the Mammographic screening Centre in Havlíčkův Brod. As a result from the research we can see that since 2002, when the mammographic screening programme began nationwide, has been an enormous progress in the mammographic screening in the Czech Republic. Nowadays more women request to be tested for the mammographic screening in spite of the rising incidence of the cancer the mortality remains stable. This proves that this mammographic screening programme has a positive effect on the prevention of this illness.
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Methods of biopsy in mammar diagnostic under X-ray control
KUČEROVÁ, Hana
In the recent years, the issue of malignant female disease, breast cancer, has been increasingly discussed. On top of biological behaviour, the prognosis of the disease depends manly on early diagnosis. The targeted biopsy of the tissue, under visualisation methods control, opens new opportunities compared to the earlier pre-operation biopsies guided by mere guessing and palpation. There is a decrease in the number of open biopsies and unnecessary surgeries of the breast gland. Locating and biopsy of a suspicious lesion may be done via mammography or ultrasound. The most common method of mammography nowadays is digital stereotaxis, the most recent used method is vacuum biopsy. Locating suspicious lesion via mammography is particurarly used for micro-caltifications, which can be visualised only via mammography. The constant development and improvement of biopsy methods of biological material in mammal diagnostics leads to the withdrawal of abundantly used methods earlier and also undoubtedly to the development of new ones. Our aim is to offer the client perfect breast gland care!
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