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Studie siamských dvojčat morčete domácího
NAVRÁTIL, Vojtěch
This diploma thesis deals with a unique case of a newborn Siamese guinea pig. Conjoined twins are always very rare, and concerning guinea pigs only a few previous cases have been described. The main subject of this study are the Siamese twins of the domestic guinea pig (Cavia aperea f. Porcellus), born in hobby breeding in the Czech Republic in 2019. The publication examines the external and internal structure of the body and the type of connection of both bodies in detail. Then it compares with other cases of born Siamese twin guinea pigs in the past. In general, it addresses the issue of domestic guinea pig reproduction and anatomy. It compares the weights of selected internal organs of the Siamese twin with normally developed youngs. From the results, conclusions are then drawn indicating the possible causes and consequences of the unusual case of Siamese twins.
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Indukce triploidie u candáta obecného (Sander lucioperca)
RŮŽEK, Martin
The aim of this study was to induce the triploidy in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) with use of a cold shock. To induce the triploidy, fertilised egg were (spawning temperature 14,5 °C) submerged in a cold bath at the temperature of 2 °C. Time of initiation was 1; 3; 5; 7 and 10 minutes post activation. The exposure time was 20 and 40 minutes. Ploidy level of freshly hatched larvae was assessed with use of the flow cytometry. In both exposure times, the hatching rate was getting lower with later time of initiation (20 minutes exposure, hatching rate: 58,4-13,4 %; 40 minutes exposure, hatching rate: 28- 9,6 %). Number of malformed larvae increased with later time of initiation and longer exposure time (20 minutes exposure, malformed larvae 0-47,2 %; 40 minutes exposure, malformed larvae 0-58,8 %). None of the tested combination of exposure time and time of initiation led to a population containing 100 % triploid larvae. However, percentage of triploid larvae grew up with longer exposure time and later time of initiation. The best cold shock combination with highest yield of triploids were after 20 minutes long treatment initiated 10 minutes post activation (57,1 +- 14,2 %) and after 40 minutes long treatment initiated 10 minutes post activation (61,9 +- 8,2 %). The most important finding of this study is that cold shock treatment leads to triploidy in pikeperch. To obtain 100% triploid larvae, shorter exposure time and different shock temperature might be applied. It may also eliminate low hatching rate and high appearance of malformed larvae.
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Vliv triazinových pesticidů na ryby
STARÁ, Alžběta
Fish and crayfish are widely used as biological monitors of environmental levels of anthropogenic pollutants. The present thesis is a contribution to the assessment of the toxicity and effects of long-term effect of triazines on the different developmental stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and adult red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). The carp was selected as a model fish due to its economic importance, e.g. carp farming contributes about 90% to total fish production in the Czech Republic. Crayfish are easily identified species representing given locality, they are widespread, and they provide a sufficient amount of tissue for individual biochemical and chemical analyses. The results of these studies provide further data on chronic exposure to triazines for consideration in risk assessment. We selected three active substances of triazine herbicides which are the most frequently detected in surface waters such as prometryne, simazine and terbutryn. The findings contribute to knowledge of the toxic potential of triazine herbicides to carp and crayfish at environmentally relevant concentrations in Czech rivers. There is a scarcity of information regarding the toxicity of triazines on freshwater organisms. During the tests we monitored several parameters: behaviour, mortality, biometric, haematological, biochemical blood, histopathology, oxidative stress and antioxidants. The data obtained from all tests performed during my thesis are very valuable for assessment and evaluation of long-term effects xenobiotics on aquatic organisms, especially fish and crayfish. In the future, I would extend the focus of my research for study of possible synergic or amplifying effect of mixtures triazines with other xenobiotics which are often found in the aquatic environment. This approach is recently accented as the aquatic environment is polluted by mixtures of different compounds. Therefore, more research is needed in order to clarify the more detailed effects of xenobiotics on non-target aquatic organisms.
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