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The Impact of Chemotherapy on Male Fertility
Klímová, Natálie ; Frolíková, Michaela (advisor) ; Hynková, Marie (referee)
Abstarct: Chemotherapy, as the primary treatment method for many types of cancer, is associated with a number of side effects, including a potential negative impact on male fertility. The action of chemotherapy interferes with the process of spermatogenesis, a key part of male reproduction, every part of which is highly sensitive to negative influences that can suspend it or permanently damage it. The most sensitive to the effects of chemotherapy are the active mitotic and meiotic phases, during which spermatogenic cells divide and differentiate. These stages are affected because of the high activity of cell division and the increased need for cell growth, a common aspect shared with the cancer cells against which cytostatics are primarily directed. However, chemotherapeutic agents can also affect the function of Sertoli cells and Leydig cells, which are involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis. Infertility observed after chemotherapy treatment can thus be the result of both direct damage to germ cells and indirect damage to endocrine and paracrine control of somatic cells. Thanks to early diagnosis and advances in treatment technologies, the number of successfully cured cancer patients continues to increase. Nevertheless, the protection of male fertility during oncological treatment remains a current...
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The effect of diabetes mellitus on reproductive parameters and expression of selected testicular genes in diabetic mice
Valášková, Eliška ; Pěknicová, Jana (advisor) ; Kaňka, Jiří (referee)
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 15% of couples in reproductive age suffer from infertility problems, and up to 60% of cases are caused by male factor. Causes of this condition could be genetic background, environmental factors and various diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DM on reproductive parameters and expression of selected testicular genes using mouse model (FVB inbred mouse strain). DM (type 1) was artificially induced by chemical substance streptozotocin, which causes destruction of pancreatic β cells. These mice were exposed to diabetic condition for 6 weeks and then subjected to analysis. Our results have shown that diabetic condition had an impact on body weight, weight of reproductive organs as well as kidneys and livers. We also observed decreased concentration and viability of diabetic sperm compared to control. Moreover, we noticed increased staining with apoptotic marker annexin V. Further, we evaluated changes of sperm nuclear proteins - protamines. In diabetic animals, we observed higher number of sperm with insufficient protamination. Nevertheless, protamine 1 to protamine 2 ratio (P1/P2), a marker of male fertility, was not altered in sperm of diabetic animals compared to control. Regarding the...
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Effect of selected pollutants on mammalian organisms in vivo and cells in vitro and preparation of specific monoclonal antibodies for their detection
Dorosh, Andriy ; Pěknicová, Jana (advisor) ; Linhart, Otomar (referee) ; Motlík, Jan (referee)
Environmental pollution and its effect on the living organisms has attracted lots of attention recently. There is a growing body of evidence that we are exposed to environmental pollutants at low concentrations in everyday life. The cells and organisms have tools to identify, neutralize and excrete the majority of the toxic compounds. The most dangerous are those that can escape this process or act at low trace concentrations. Endocrine disruptors (EDs) belong to the latter group. Endocrine disruptors can be of natural and anthropogenic origin. EDs target corresponding hormonal receptors and can act at low concentrations. A wide family of nuclear receptors recognize steroid hormones. The majority of EDs can pass through the cytoplasmic membrane, use the hydrophobic nature of the receptor-ligand binding, trigger hormone response and change the expression of the sensitive genes. By interfering with estrogen and androgen signaling, EDs can have effect on the whole organism, but the reproductive system is influenced most. In the present work, our aim was to develop the methods for ED detection and monitoring, analyze the estrogenic potency of EDs, and evaluate the effects of natural estrogens and EDs on male reproductive functions, including sperm and testicular physiology and endocrine functions. First, we...
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The effect of diabetes mellitus on reproductive parameters and expression of selected testicular genes in diabetic mice
Valášková, Eliška ; Pěknicová, Jana (advisor) ; Kaňka, Jiří (referee)
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 15% of couples in reproductive age suffer from infertility problems, and up to 60% of cases are caused by male factor. Causes of this condition could be genetic background, environmental factors and various diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DM on reproductive parameters and expression of selected testicular genes using mouse model (FVB inbred mouse strain). DM (type 1) was artificially induced by chemical substance streptozotocin, which causes destruction of pancreatic β cells. These mice were exposed to diabetic condition for 6 weeks and then subjected to analysis. Our results have shown that diabetic condition had an impact on body weight, weight of reproductive organs as well as kidneys and livers. We also observed decreased concentration and viability of diabetic sperm compared to control. Moreover, we noticed increased staining with apoptotic marker annexin V. Further, we evaluated changes of sperm nuclear proteins - protamines. In diabetic animals, we observed higher number of sperm with insufficient protamination. Nevertheless, protamine 1 to protamine 2 ratio (P1/P2), a marker of male fertility, was not altered in sperm of diabetic animals compared to control. Regarding the...
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The effect of diabetes mellitus on male reproduction
Valášková, Eliška ; Pěknicová, Jana (advisor) ; Seifertová, Eva (referee)
Increasing infertility is considered a serious problem of human reproduction. Male factor infertility is the cause of more than 60% of problem pairs and sperm quality by reducing the number will grow. One of the possible risk factors is diabetes mellitus (DM). As a result of insufficient and often conflicting analyzes of sperm quality, the DM as a risk factor in the evaluation of male fertility neglected. The use of new molecular techniques revealed pathological effects diabetes mellitus on sperm function and spermatogenesis.
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