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Vlnatka krvavá (Eriosoma lanigerum), význam a možnosti její regulace
Klimešová, Lada
The research was performed in vegetation season of year 2014 in apple orchard near Nosislav in Břeclav district. The task was to compare efficiency of two auxiliary preparations and two insecticides, separately or in different combinations. Valuation of efficiency of these preparations in various variants was performed by measuring lengths of colonies of woolly aphid 1.2 and 7 days after application. The trial had been started at 4.6.2014. The most efficient variant was Cocana 1.5% followed by Mospilan 20 SP 0.013% -- Mospilan was applied immediately after applying of Cocana (efficiency 80.2%). Very good results were noticed on variants Mospilan 20 0.013% (efficiency 75.6%), Cocana 2% + Mospilan 20 SP 0,013 % -- tankmix (74.2%), Cocana 2% followed by Mospilan 20 SP 0,013% (68.8%), Cocana 1% followed by Mospilan 20 SP 1% (64.5%). Low efficiency was found out at Cocana 2% followed by Wetcit 0.3% (48.7%). The worst efficiency was by application of Cocana 2% followed by Spintor 0.6 l/ha (13%).
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Transmission of important plant viruses by aphids
ŠEDOVÁ, Anna
This bachelor thesis deals with aphids as vectors of many important plant viruses. The work describes the various mechanisms of virus transmission by insect vectors. Aphids can cause huge losses in the yield of cultivated crops and fruit trees due to the transmission of viruses. The aim of the work was to identify aphids as possible vectors of plant viruses by molecular methods. Analysis of aphid samples consisted of DNA isolation, amplification of the DNA COI gene by PCR and visualization of PCR products on an agarose gel. Amplified DNA samples were enzymatically purified and sent for sequencing to an external laboratory. Using the BLAST program, aphid species were identified according to the inserted sample sequences. Seven species of aphids (A. nasturtii, A. cacaliasteris, B. brassicae, D. platanoidis, M. euphorbiae, R. padi, U. cirsii) and two species of parasitoids (A. colemani, D. rapae) were identified.
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Use of macroorganisms and microorganisms in biological control of aphids
BOŠKA, David
Aphids are one of the most important species of pests, occurring on all continents except Antarctica. Aphids are harmful mainly by sucking, honeydew production and transmitting hundreds of viral diseases. The most important greenhouse aphids occurring in the Czech Republic are the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) and the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii). Their danger lies in the rapid development cycle, when there is a rapid increase in populations. Despite the great damage they cause, aphids are very defenceless and small insect with a large number of naturally occurring enemies. The most important natural enemies are predators, parasitoids and entomopathogenic fungi. In the biological control of plants against aphids, the predator ladybeetles (Coccinellidae), lacewings (Chrysopidae) and the aphidophagous gall midge (Aphidoletes aphidimyza) are mainly used. In the nature, aphids are also regulated by hoverflies (Syrphidae). The most important aphid parasitoids are mainly the parasitic wasps Aphidius colemani, Aphidius ervi and Aphelinus abdominalis. From the microorganisms, the polyphagous entomopathogenic fungi are used, they cause primary infections in several species of pests. From the microorganisms, entomopathogenic fungi are mainly entomopathogenic fungi that can attack polyphagous more species of harmful organisms. The bioproducts based on entomopathogenic fungi Lecanicillium lecanii, Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea are available on the foreign market. They were developed for biological control against aphids and other pests.
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Závislost početnosti vybraných druhů mšic (Aphididae) na počasí
Marková, Zuzana
This study focuses on fluctuations of abundance of the following aphids acting as viral vectors of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.): Leaf-curling plum aphid (Brachycaudus helichrysi Kaltenbach, 1843), Black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scopoli, 1769), Peach-potato aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer, 1776), Bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus, 1758) and the Aphis genus. The abundance of the winged forms of these aphids was evaluated according to samples from suction trap in Lípa u Havlíčkova Brodu in Czech Republic collected during the period from 2004 to 2015. This bachelor's thesis examines the effect of four climatic factors (temperature, radiation, rainfall and relative air humidity) on selected aphids in the year with the highest abundance of the monitored period.
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Hmyzí škůdci zahrady v intravilánu města Brna
Langová, Melanie
During the year 2018, the occurrence of pests was monitored in the garden by pheromone traps for Cydia funebrana and Cydia molesta, by yellow spheric traps for Rhagoletis cerasi. For the other species of pests, visual inspection was chosen. The flight period of Cydia funebrana started on 1st May. The flight achieved its maximum during period, which lasted from 27th to 30th June. The last individual was found on 7th September. Totally 114 individuals were caught. The first individual of Cydia molesta was registered on 28th April. The maximum flight was from the 9th to 12th June and the last individual was found on 10th September. Totally 126 individuals were caught. The flight period of Rhagoletis cerasi started on 13th May and maximum was reached from the 10th to 17th June. Totally 87 individuals were caught. On 19th April some species of aphids on different woods were found, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Aphis grossulariae, Cryptomyzus ribis and Aphis pomi.
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Methodics of risk determination of increased BYDV occurrence in winter cereals
Jarošová, Jana ; Bartáková, Pavla ; Broženská, Michaela ; Kumar, Jiban
One of the most important viruses affecting cereals in the Czech Republic is Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). BYDV is transmitted by cereal aphids and intensity of its occurrence varies strongly in individual years. Insecticide application protects the stands against virus transmission. In some years, however, the application of the insecticide is groundless. In this methodology we provide a method for increased BYDV occurrence risk evaluation in the field by sample collection of volunteer plants. The methodology is meant to serve mainly to farmers, agronomists and agricultural advisors.
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Transmission of plant viruses by aphids
HOLLEY, Miroslav
The bachelor thesis is focused on transmission of plant viruses by aphids. Aphids are the most wide-spread and the most important vectors of plant viruses. They cause considerable yield losses of crops and fruit trees. The aim of the thesis is to verify the presence of the virus in the aphid vector. Isolated RNA was used for reverse transcription for the synthesis of cDNA (complementary DNA). Acquired cDNA served as a template strain for PCR. The result of PCR method confirmed the presence of Plum pox virus in Hyalopterus pruni.
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Vlnatka krvavá (Eriosoma lanigerum), význam a možnosti její regulace
Klimešová, Lada
The research was performed in vegetation season of year 2014 in apple orchard near Nosislav in Břeclav district. The task was to compare efficiency of two auxiliary preparations and two insecticides, separately or in different combinations. Valuation of efficiency of these preparations in various variants was performed by measuring lengths of colonies of woolly aphid 1.2 and 7 days after application. The trial had been started at 4.6.2014. The most efficient variant was Cocana 1.5% followed by Mospilan 20 SP 0.013% -- Mospilan was applied immediately after applying of Cocana (efficiency 80.2%). Very good results were noticed on variants Mospilan 20 0.013% (efficiency 75.6%), Cocana 2% + Mospilan 20 SP 0,013 % -- tankmix (74.2%), Cocana 2% followed by Mospilan 20 SP 0,013% (68.8%), Cocana 1% followed by Mospilan 20 SP 1% (64.5%). Low efficiency was found out at Cocana 2% followed by Wetcit 0.3% (48.7%). The worst efficiency was by application of Cocana 2% followed by Spintor 0.6 l/ha (13%).
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