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Changes in gene expression under simulated drought stress in opium poppy
KOSŤOVÁ, Natálie
This work summarizes findings in the field of general mechanisms of plant response to drought at the gene level, stress response and resistance in plants. The work is focused on poppy plants. It focuses on the optimization of the method for laboratory testing of drought stress in poppy and subsequently on the validation of this method on a variable collection of genotype sources. The optimized methodology is then used to verify selected stress genes using the real-time PCR method. As a result, different germination rates were found for the different varieties at different stress levels. For selected stress genes, their relative gene expression was determined under different levels of drought stress.
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Eliminace obsahu kadmia v máku aplikací saturačních kalů
Šebestová, Andrea
The aim of the diploma thesis was to test the effect of the soil application of carbonation mud on the change of cadmium (Cd) content in soil and plants in the early stages of development. The experiment was based on a precise phytotron pot trial with a defined light, temperature and humidity regime. As the experimental plant, poppy (Papaver somniferum L., variety Major), was used. Silt brown soil was used for experimental vessels. The effect of carbonation mud was evaluated at the level of three variants of applied doses corresponding to 0, 5 and 10 t.ha-1. Cadmium [Cd (NO3)2] was applied in three variants: 1, 5 and 10 mg.kg-1 of soil. The parameters (soil pH, Cd content in the soil, plant weight, Cd content in the plant, Cd plant uptake) were analyzed in three terms during the experiment. From the results of the analyzes it was found that the control soil variant (6.78) and the cadmium variant without carbonation mud (6.87 - 6.88) showed the lowest soil pH. The highest soil pH was observed in variants with the highest doses of applied carbonation mud (7.64 - 7.66). With increasing doses of applied carbonation mud, the available cadmium content in the soil decreased significantly. A positive relationship of higher doses of carbonation mud and dry weight of plants was demonstrated. Plants with the highest dose of carbonation mud achieved the highest average weight. However, this effect was not proven statistically until the last sampling. Also, the content of cadmium in plants, as well as the plants cadmium uptake, was dependent on the doses of carbonation mud. The highest effect on the elimination of cadmium uptake by the plant was found in variants with the highest doses of carbonation mud.
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Mimokořenová aplikace síry v máku setém
Křivan, Tomáš
The purpose of this bachelor thesis was a study of effect of a foliar application of sul-phur in the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). Final thesis deals with the assessment of the effect of different forms of sulphur on the yield parameters of the poppy. The sulphur forms were applicated in foliar way by commercial fertilizers. The experiment was realized in the form of a small-plot year-long experiment in ŠPZ Žabčice in year 2017. The foliar application of thiosulphate sulphur (fertilizers YaraVita Thiotrac 300, SK sol, Folit Thiosulf), elementary sulphur (Ferti MK S 800 SC, Folit sulphur) and polysulfide sulphur (Sulka K, Sulka H) were used in this experiment. The application was performed in phase of 10th leaf. Two weeks after the application of fertilizers a nutritive status of plants was evaluated by an inorganic analysis. Higher amount of sulphur correlated with higher amount of nitrogen. The biggest influence on the yield was proved after the application of fertilizer SK sol. In this variant the seed yield was increased by 7.2 % in comparison with the unfertilized control. On the contrary the smallest influence on the seed yield had the fertilizer Sulka K with an increase by 3 %.
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Využití hnojiv skupiny CARBON ve výživě máku
Ježek, Jaromír
The aim of this thesis was the evaluation of the effect of foliar fertilization by CARBON fertilizers on seed production and health condition of poppy. The experiment was designed in three variants – the ,,control‘‘ variant (without of fertilizers), the first ‘‘fertilized‘‘ variant (fertilizers CARBONBOR Q + CARBON Zn) and the second ‘‘fertilized‘‘ variant (fertilizers CARBONBOR Q + CARBON Zn + CARBON Si). Fertilizers were applied in the phase of 8th – 10th leaf of poppy (DC 30) and the doses were 0.8 l/ha CARBONBOR Q (120 g B); 1.33 l/ha CARBON Zn (200 g Zn) and 0.75 l/ha CARBON Si (62 g Si). Application of fertilizers increased the amount of boron, zinc, nitrogen and potassium in plants of poppy. Production of dry matter was increased almost by 50% in fertilized plants. Fertilization has positively influenced plant health. The poppy seed-yield was increased after foliar fertilizer application between 4% and 6.6% compared to control variant.
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Optimalisation of DNA isolation from opium poppy plants and poppy products.
ZAHRADNÍK, Václav
The thesis deals with the evaluation of selected DNA isolation methods on the selected samples of poppy, to evaluation the quality and the quantity of isolated DNA and select methods, which could be used in the future for testing forgery poppy in the food. There are mentioned methods of isolation and methods of evaluation in the literature research. The methodology is focused on isolation using kits and conventional methods (CTAB-PVP), evaluation of obtained samples by spectrophotometric measurement and PCR reaction followed by gel electrophoresis. It is obvious from the results that classical CTAB-PVP methods modified for plants appear to be the best methods. However, I do not recommend these methods because of the difficulty at work and I am inclining towards the company-supplied kits I have tested.
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Comparison of Czech and world superfoods
Soldánová, Lucie ; Vojáček, Jan (advisor) ; Slimáková, Margit (referee)
v angličtině k bakalářské práci na téma "Srovnání českých a zahraničních superpotravin" ,Lucie Soldánová, Karlova Univerzita, 1. lékařská fakulta, obor Nutriční terapeut. This bachelor thesis focuses on the topic of superfoods and aims to discover how our crops differ from those from abroad. The work consists of a theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part of my thesis, I firstly analyze five most well known foreign (avocado, soy, goji, chia seeds and quinoa) and Czech (various seeds, poppy seeds, walnuts, blueberries and vegetable juices) superfoods. Then I compare them on four levels- a nutritional, economical, ecological and ethical one. In the practical part I asked several questions related to the problematics of superfoods and with the use of sent out questionnaires investigated whether people know superfoods, what is their opinion on them, if they buy them and whether they think about their origin and deeper problematics of the import of exotic crops. I discovered that more than 75 percent of those questioned are aware of superfoods. Whole 40 percent of people were somewhat sceptical of these foods and only 18,5 percent expressed full trust in them. Almost 73 percent of respondents buy superfoods at least once a week, which reflects their more frequent consumption, while the...
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Uplatnění vybraných forem selenu při pěstování máku setého (Papaver somniferum L.)
Tobek, Ladislav
Selenium is an essential element for human organism. One of the possible ways to increase its quantity in food is a biofortification of crops. Czech Republic is the largest producer of poppy seeds in the world, it could be therefore viable to increase the nutritional value of selenium in this crop. The goal of this thesis was a recognition of suitability of selected forms of selenium for biofortification of seeds of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). Aside from the distribution of selenium in the plant of poppy and its accumulation in the harvested seeds this study also investigates the effect of its soil and foliar application on the yield and weight of a thousand of seeds. The selenium was applied into the soil in 150, 300, and 600 g Se.ha-1 doses in the form of SeO32- and SeO42- in our one-year container experiment. The same forms of selenium were also applied foliarly in the 20 and 40 g Se.ha-1 doses in our one-year small-plot experiment. It is evident from the analysis of the distribution of selenium in the individual parts of the plant that selenite was accumulated primarily in the lower part of the plant (stalk and leafs) and only a maximum of 25.1% of the total was integrated in the capsule. Selenium, in the form of selenate, was contained in the capsule at a rate of 39.9 to 62.6% of the overall weight of the selenium contained in the whole plant. Soil and foliar application did not influence the yield and weight of a thousand of seeds. In both the container and field experiment the application of an increasing amount of selenium in the form of both selenite and selenate has significantly increased its presence in the harvested seed. Our results suggest that selenate is a better form of selenium for the biofortification of poppy.
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Options control the occurrence of tiny cranesbill (Geranium pusillum) in the poppy crop.
Nouza, Petr ; Cihlář, Pavel (advisor) ; Tomášek, Jaroslav (referee)
Summary
The aim of the thesis was to find out as much information available about the smallflowered cranesbill (Geranium pusillum) as possible, which would contribute to the struggle against the poppy plant (Papaver somniferum). These information are: morphology, nutrition requirements, requirements for environment, vegetation period, seed formation, quantity of seed dispersal, germination and dormancy of seeds.
Further aim was to find out which preparation shows effect on cranesbill diminutive and its potential phytotoxicity on poppy with emphasis on the pre-emergence herbicides which were used in the experiment. Five agents were used as separately or as combinations, namely: clomazone, pethoxamid, mesotrione , metezachlor and DMTA - P. Final aim was to determine which product and active agent is able to exterminate smallflowered cranesbill in other crops.
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Effect of mineral fertilizer before sowing the embedding seeders yield poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)
Hrušková, Jana ; Cihlář, Pavel (advisor) ; Tomáš, Tomáš (referee)
Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is plant which is in Czech Republic cultivated and consumed for a long time. Czech Republic was the biggest producer of poppy seeds in the world. It is not true currently but Czech Republic is still one of the most important producers of poppy. Czech growers produce high quality poppy seeds but they had several problems during last years. For example fluctuation of price of poppy and bad weather condition. Those problems influenced crop. Those complications caused that growers of poppy try to have stable yields for good profit. Yield parameters, such as amount and quality of poppy seeds and volume of alkaloids, are the most important for growers. Amount and quality of poppy seeds are important for food industry and volume of alkaloids for pharmaceutical industry. The parameters are influenced especially by climatic and soil conditions. Growers are not able to influence climatic factors such as intensity and regularity of rainfalls, actual temperature and wind conditions. But they can influence other factors by good agrotechnical interventions. One of the most important parameters for good growth of poppy is volume of elements in soil, especially nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium and microelements, boron and zinc. Except that things is very important good soil treatment, suitable technology, right term for sowing and choice of good seeds. For intensive producing of poppy seeds is very important protection against pests, diseases and weed. Like prevention is important good soil treatment and other things such as application of pesticides, herbicides and fungicides and seed dressing by fungicides. This work includes general overview about poppy growing focusing on influence of mineral fertilizers on yields of different variety of poppy. We did experiment, the goal of experiment was to find out influence of application of mineral fertilizers on poppy yields. We used two different variety of poppy and we evaluated influence of said factors. Subjects of observation were yield parameters, amount of plants on 1m2, weight of poppy, weight of capsules and HTS (weight of thousand seeds).
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