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Small terrestrial mammals as an indicator of the restoration Sokolov area after coal mining
Červená, Lucie ; Kouba, Marek (advisor) ; Markéta, Markéta (referee)
Aim of this paper was to describe the diversity of small terrestrial mammals on selected habitats of Velka podkrusnohorska spoil heap and surrounded areas. Between years 2013 2015 there was realized seven catching on the twenty seven study sites. In every year we repeated a catches in spring and autumn period. The selected habitats were: wetlands, meadows, pine forests, oak forests and successional forests. As a capture method was chose standard line method with usage of snap traps. The obtained data were statically analysed by the R program and the diversity was compared based on the Shannon-Wiener index of diversity. We compared abundance and diversity between spoil heap study sites and surrounding study sites, which were situated out of the Velka podkrusnohorska spoil heap and was sign as control sites. We chose three study sites of every habitat situated on spoil heap and another three sites of every habitat situated out of the spoil heap (control sites). In total we caught 720 small terrestrial mammals of ted species: Crocidura leucodon, Crocidura suaveolens, Microtus arvalis, Microtus agrestis, Mus domesticus, Apodemus sylvaticus, Apodemus flavicollis, Myodes glareolus, Sorex araneus and Sorex minutus.
The highest diversity was on the four wetlands sites which three of them were situated on the spoil heap. The highest abundance was at the meadow site Matyas which was situated on the spoil heap. In the overall assessment of the abundance and diversity of communities of small terrestrial mammals was confirmed equality of spoil heap sites and control sites. In the assessment of abundance and diversity of individual habitats was confirmed equality of spoil heal sites and control sites. Exception was abundance between forests spoil heap sites and control sites, where the equality of abundance was rejected because of higher abundance of control sites. We decide to compare technically restored sites and sites using managed successions on the spoil heap. The diversity of technically restored pine forests and successional forest was confirmed but the equality of abundance of these sites was rejected because of the higher abundance of successional forests. The equality of diversity and abundance of technically restored oak forests and successional forests was rejected because successional forests had higher both of these values.
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Possibilities of stream restoration in urban environment
Zouhar, Radim ; Veselá, Olga (referee) ; Králová, Helena (advisor)
The thesis is focused on the options of stream restoration with its surroundings in a place of nature area „Na Loukách“ in town district „Mokrá Hora“. The thesis also describes current condition and development of the land use of focused area. There is junction of three creeks in the focused area. In part of this area there is not original depth of ground water surface due to adjustment of Rakovec creek. This thesis introduces three options of increasing depth of ground water surface. Evaluation of the current condition of creeks was performed by the HEM method. Hydraulic calculations were made in HEC-RAS program.
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Views landscapes from the 17th century to the early 20th century
KLOMFAROVÁ, Monika
The thesis is focused on the development and presentation of landscape painting from the 17th century to the early 20th century. The work is divided into a theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is focused on Dutch, Italian, English, French and foremost Czech landscapes, its main leaders and contemporary Czech artist Frantisek Hodonsky presenting the landscape in abstract form. It explores the influence of the Impressionist style, which inspired the practical part of the thesis. The practical part includes a summary of sketches which rendition of meadow in various forms also with different impressions of the momental feeling from the landscape. The practical part explains the preparation of the canvas and the subsequent production of three paintings measuring at least of 50 x 80 cm.
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Radiocesium v zemědělsky neobdělávaných půdách
Kubějová, Michaela
The diploma thesis Radiocaesium in agricultural uncultivated soils is focused on creation literary review, collection soil samples and then preparation of samples for gamaspectrometric analysis to determine content of the radionuclide (137Cs). In the first part of literature review radiocaesium and its sources in the environment are characterised. Radiocaesium transport in atmosphere, the 137Cs deposition on soil and its influence on human is included. In the next part, soil parameters, behaviour of radiocaesium in soil, following countermeasures, differences between soils in agroecosystems and agricultural uncultivated soils, contamination of soils with radiocaesium in Czech Republic are described. Materials, methodology and description of chosen locations are followed. The main part of the thesis is focused on determination of radiocaesium content in uncultivated soils. In 2013, soil samples (57 samples of 5-cm-top A organic profiles and 57 samples of deeper B mineral profiles from 5-12-cm of depth) were taken from four selected locations: Valašské Meziříčí-Juřinka, Velké Karlovice, Loukov, Prostřední Bečva. Soil samples were always collected in three specific areas: meadow, deciduous forest (mixed forest) and coniferous forest. The lowest values of 137Cs activity in soils were observed in Juřinka (average value in profiles A 16.9 +- 4.29 Bq.kg-1 and B 11.6 +- 2.53 Bq.kg-1), then in Loukov (average value in profiles A 38.8 +- 30.22 Bq.kg-1 and B 18.6 +- 12.60 Bq.kg-1). The highest values 137Cs in Velké Karlovice (in profiles A 64.7 +- 44.11 Bq.kg-1 and B 30.1 +- 21.50 Bq.kg-1), lower values in Prostřední Bečva (in profiles A 46.6 +- 30.01 Bq.kg-1 and B 24.9 +- 28.50 Bq.kg-1) were measured. Significant differences between 137Cs activity in top A soil profile and deeper B profile in all four locations were found (T-test, P less then 0.05). In all locations, the highest average values radiocaesium activities were observed in coniferous forest (average values in profiles A 65.7 +- 41.91 Bq.kg-1 and B 35.03 +- 28.94 Bq.kg-1), then in deciduous forest (average values in profiles A 33.8 +- 17.27 Bq.kg-1 and B 20.1 +- 7.51 Bq.kg-1) and the lowest in meadows (average values in profiles A 14.9 +- 4.53 Bq.kg-1 and B 10.7 +- 3.63 Bq.kg-1), (P less then 0.05). The 137Cs activities in soil profiles were converted from the radiocaesium activity concentration (Bq kg-1) to the 137Cs depositional density (kBq m-2), and the densities ranged from 0.93 to 12.94 kBq m-2. Results were processed to tables, graphs and map. In the closing part of thesis, our results were discussed and compared with published data and ecological importance of radiocaesium activity in agricultural uncultivated soils was also assessed.
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The use of suitable biotope for teaching fundamentals of ecology - project
KOMÁRKOVÁ, Petra
This bachelor thesis is focused on the use of "MEADOW BIOTOPE" in the education of ecology in the primary schools. Thesis consists of research of species is carried out in the chosen locality. After that, we put the analysis of the chosen textbooks of natural history for 6th and 7th grade of the primary schools. The goal of this bachelor thesis is to create the project for 7th grade which will serve as a verification and fixing of discussed schoolwork. Within of purview of this project, the students are doing the fieldwork in the chosen locality. With the aid of the worksheets and the environmental games, they are checking the acquired knowledge by the amusing form of education.
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Ecological consequences of habitat loss in landscape matrix and the effect on populations and communities of model species
HELLEBRANTOVÁ, Adéla
The effect of fragmentation on populations was studied using epigeic beetle collected by pitfall traps with ethylenglykol. Pitfall traps were placed at three sites and namely in: artifical spruce forest, bio-corridor and meadow in the vicinity of České Budějovice on agricultural landscape. The material was collected from May to September. Beetles were determined and classified into goups according to the level of tolerance to anthropogenic influence. The communities (species richness and its activity) were compared in cited biotopes (fragments) in the agricutlural landscape. The highest number of species and its activity was detected in the bio-corridor. The lowest number of species and its activity was found in the spruce forrest. Thel effect of size of biotope was not found. At a meadow and biocorridor previled beetle species named as eurytopic which are characteristic for deforested habitats strongly influenced by human activities. In the forest, the other half consisted of RII. Group, which are adaptable inhabiting habitat moderately affected by human activity.
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Reproduction of \kur{Achillea millefolium} agg. and \kur{Achillea ptarmica} in meadows and verges
TOMŠOVÁ, Pavla
Several changes in land use during the last 50 years of 20th century had a significant impact on the composition of traditional meadows. The abundance of many plant species typical for traditionally managed meadows has declined. But some of these species have found a refuge in habitats such as field margins and road verges. The aim of this study was to describe how the reproduction success of two related Achillea species A. millefolium agg. and A. ptarmica depends on (i) the particular habitat in which they grow (meadow/verge); (ii) the abundance of pollinators in the study site; and (iii) timing of flowering within the season. Moreover, the longevity of individual flowers of the two taxa has been studied in order assess the width of the time frame the reproduction takes place in. These objectives were achieved by means of measuring plant total seed production and germination as proxies of reproductive success both in meadow and verge populations at the beginning, peak and end of the flowering season of the two species in 2012. The plants were chosen at plots, where concurrently a pollinator survey has been conducted as the part of the broader project. The durations of the male and female phases of individual flowers have been studied in separate experiments.
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The influence of permanent grassland on the water quality
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Jitka
This bachelor thesis deals with the influence of permanent grassland on the water quality. A list of related terms and historical development of grassland in the Czech Republic is given in the introductory part. The following part describes the way permanent grassland is used in the Czech Republic at present. The main part of the thesis covers the influence of grassland on the water quality and case studies dealing with this issue are mentioned, too. The aim of the thesis is to describe the influence of grassland on the water quality and to highlight the importance of maintaining grassland in our landscape.
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