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Ekonomické zhodnocení intenzivního výkrmu býků masných plemen skotu
Kosová, Michaela
The diploma thesis deals with the fattening of slaughter bulls of the Aberdeen Angus, Charolais and Limousin breeds from the weight category to slaughter weight. The main goal of this work was to economically evaluate the effectiveness of intensive fattening of beef bulls. A total of 366 animals were monitored in two feedlots. In the practical part, the animals were weighed in different stages of fattening, at the age of 8 and 14 months, and on the basis of these data, an analysis of the influence of the breed was carried out and subsequently the economy of fattening was evaluated. Growth was assessed by average gains for individual breeds and farms. The results show that the breed has a significant effect on the intensity of growth. The results were statistically significantly highest in the Aberdeen Angus breed in the pre-weaning period (1.12 kg/day), but after moving to a barn with intensive fattening, the highest growth intensity was achieved in the Charolais breed (1.61 kg/day). Weight increased linearly with age in all bulls, the highest differences were observed in the Aberdeen Angus and Limousin breeds. After the 1st and 2nd weigh-ins, representatives of the Aberdeen Angus breed (330.02 kg, respectively 579.57 kg) achieved the highest weights, while representatives of the limousine reached the lowest (302.24 kg, respectively 555.27 kg). The absolute highest average daily gains were achieved by bulls of the Charolais breed, in 160 days of intensive fattening, the absolute gain was 255.3 kg. Despite the lowest age, the bulls had the highest weight at the end of fattening, thanks to the high intensity of growth. The highest calculated profit was achieved on Farm A with the Charolais breed (CZK 8,838.37) and on Farm B with the limousine breed (CZK 2,645.6). The costs per feeding day ranged from 89 to 91 CZK.
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Růstové schopnosti plemene limousine ve vybraném chovu
KAČÍREK, Pavel
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to monitor and evaluate the growth performance on a family farm in Nový Kostelec. The growth performance evaluation was carried out on a total of 56 Limousin breeding animals. Weighing of each animal was performed at 120, 210 and 365 days of age. When evaluating the growth ability of the bulls, it was found that the highest growth performance of the bulls in the period from birth to 120 days was achieved in 2021, when the average weight of the bulls was 200,36 kg and the average daily gain for the period was 1,286 kg, while the best growth performance in the period from 120 to 210 days was achieved in 2022, when the average weight of the bulls at 210 days was 330,84 kg and the average daily gain since birth was 1,464 kg, in the period from 210 to 365 days the best growth performance of the bulls was achieved in 2022 when the average weight of the bulls was 524,08 kg and the average daily gain for the period was 1,218 kg. The highest average daily gain of bulls since birth was found in 2022 when it was 1,278 kg. In evaluating the growth performance of heifers, it was found that the highest growth performance in the period from birth to 120 days of age was achieved, in 2021, when the average weight was 168,57 kg and the average daily gain for the period was 1,033 kg, while the best growth performance in the period from 120 to 210 days of age was achieved in 2021, when the average weight at 210 days of age was 292 kg and the average daily gain over the period was 1,366 kg, and in the period from 210 days to 365 days of age the best growth performance was found in 2021 when the average weight of the heifers was 420,16 kg and the average daily gain over the period was 0,830 kg. The highest average daily gain from birth for heifers was obtained in 2021 when it reached 1,057 kg.
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Problematika výkrmu masného skotu kříženců plemene Charolais a kříženců plemene Limousine
KOSTOHRYZ, Jakub
The aim of this bachelor's thesis was to determine the meat yield of fattening bulls in the same breeding conditions and to analyze the reaction of each breed separately to the same level of nutrition. A total of 43 bulls were selected for evaluation, which passed through the farm in Něchov near Trhové Sviny within two years. Groups of bulls were compared according to the year of slaughter, breed and blood share of the breed. Age at slaughter was ascertained and live weight, carcase, daily gain, net gain and SEUROP classification, conformation and fat cover classes were compared ac-cording to different breeds in the same diet. Data processing was performed using the Microsoft Exel program. The average slaughter weight of Charolais hybrids was 733.98 kg at an average slaughter age of 697 days. It was identical with hybrids of the limousine-Ne breed, which reached an average slaughter weight of 741.65 kg. A larger birth was not found in the average carcass weight, which reached 403 kg in the Charolais breed and 407 kg in the Limousine breed. There was always at least one weaker bull in both groups, as well as a bull that exceeded the average of the others. The weak piece in the Charolais breed included a bull with an average daily gain of 683.59 g / day (av-erage 994.82 g / day) and in the limousine breed 749.6 g / day (average 1005.03 g / day). The strong bull had a net gain of 680.58 g / day (average 579.82 g / day) in the Charolais breed and 720 g / day in the limousine (average 585.25 g / day). The classi-fication of carcasses in the SEUROP system was analyzed according to the propor-tion of blood of individual breeds. Charolais crossbreeds with a charolais> 50% share were 100 % included in the AU2 group, on the contrary, with a charolais 50 % blood content in the AU2 group only in 31 % and the rest belonged to the AR2, AO2 groups and one bull was in the BO2 group, for -they was older than two years. The results did not show a statistically large difference between the individual breeds. The difference between the years was also not statistically significant, which indicates the stability of breeding and nutrition conditions. The only difference was between the groups of the breed with different proportions of blood. Individuals with a charolais> 50 % share achieved a better classification in SEUROP than those with a Charolais blood share lower than charolais 50 %. In the limousine breed, the difference in blood ratio was not so drastic, but bulls with a blood ratio of limousine> 50 % reached 17 % of the AE2 group.
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Vyhodnocení růstové schopnosti potomstva býků specializovaných masných plemen skotu
Večeře, Martin
The thesis is focused on the growth intensity of Aberdeen Angus, Charolais and Limousine. In experiment A, 152 male animals were monitored. These bulls came from organic and conventional breeding. For bulls, the date of birth, birth weight, father's line, date of sale, and live weight of bulls at sale were followed. Experiment B included 88 female heifers. Within each breed heifers came from conventional and organic breeding. Heifers were monitored for birth date, birth weight, father's line, weight at 120 and 210 days. Significant differences (p < 0.01) were found in the evaluation of the weights of individual monitored parameters between bulls and heifers, which are confirmed by the rule that females have lower birth weight (37 kg) than males (40 kg). However, at 120 days of age, weights were higher in heifers (177 kg) compared to bulls (148 kg). In the evaluation of breeding effect, the highest (p < 0.01) weights were found in Charolais (bulls 163 kg, heifers 187 kg).
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Fertility Results in Beef Cattle: Insemination v. Embryo Transfer
KOČOVSKÁ, Michaela
This thesis focuses on the fertility and fertility results in a monitored breeding herd of Limousin beef cattle. It includes a brief discussion of calf birth weights, their viability, and the time of calving. Taking this information into account, the main objective of this thesis is to present concise and accurate information regarding the age of purebred and crossbred heifers when they are first included in the reproduction process. The thesis also aims to evaluate the pregnancy success rates for insemination, embryo transfer, and natural breeding. Finally, the thesis tracks the calving difficulties experienced by cows and heifers after artificial reproduction methods and natural breeding. The conclusion includes calf birth weight figures and identifies the weight difference between newborn bulls and heifers. The results were evaluated using basic statistical characteristics. The collected data was analyzed according to the breeding method used and taking into account whether a cow or a heifer was involved. The age of purebred heifers during their first breeding is 26.1 months. The age of crossbred heifers included in the reproduction process as embryo recipients was 22.6 months. In the case of natural breeding, the crossbred heifers were first included at the age of 28 months due to the seasonality of the breeding season. The pregnancy success rate for first breeding by insemination is comparable to that for embryo transfer 62% and 63% respectively; in the case of natural breeding, the success rate is 92%. The highest number of easy births was determined for natural breeding (95%), followed by insemination (89%), and embryo transfer (only 61%). The birth weight of heifers was 2 kg less than that of bulls, and thus the number of easy births was higher. The average birth weight in 2014 was 41 kg. The top calving time was between midnight and 4:00 am (30% of the breeding cows).
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Analysis of the behaviour of selected categories of breeding cows
VESELÁ, Tereza
The aim of this thesis was to assess the differences in behavior of the two categories of beef cattle of Limousine breed, reared in the system without market production of milk, specifically heifers and cows with calves. Two seasons were selected (summer and winter) for the observation and the accent was on observing basic categories of behavior, such as feed intake, rest, standing and movement. The place where the research took place was the farm "Černěveský háj" located on the boundary of Strakonice, Prachatice and Budějovice district. Both behavioral studies were conducted for whole twenty-four hours. For night monitoring hunting camera with programmable video recording was used. The recorded data were written to the ethogram using descriptive interval method with length of interval of 10 minutes. During both observations the fundamental rules of ethology were respected. Traced values were evaluated by absolute time, its percentage and frequency and were subsequently completed with appropriate description. The results from this ethological research of heifers and cows with calves during two different seasons show that older cows have more regular and more keep basic categories of behavior during the day and more extend their regular behavior even throughout the year. Older subjects are able to make better use of pasture than heifers and address to it more time of the day (40% resp. 35%). During consummation of preserved feed ration heifers shortened their feed intake compared to cows (39% resp. 31%). By heifers there was also significant movement restriction, but to a lesser extent than in the case of cows. At the same time heifers prolonged period of rest from 33% to 50%. In conclusion, the obtained results show that the area in which the cows are kept is suitable for raising beef cattle without market production of milk. The breeder could only focus more on supplementing of graze with elements supporting natural welfare of beef cattle in year-round grazing.
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