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Lipid composition of biological membranes and life-histories in songbirds
Šimonová, Kateřina ; Tomášek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Sam, Kateřina (referee)
Differences in the composition of cell membranes are considered to be the physiological mechanism responsible for different metabolic rates, life span and consequently, different life-histories. The membrane pacemaker theory suggests that higher membrane unsaturation may be an important factor responsible for higher metabolic rate and shorter life span of organisms. The alternative hypothesis, on the other hand, assumes that membranes can function as structural antioxidants, and thus that higher membrane unsaturation may be associated with longer life span. The aim of this work was to test how changes in the fatty acid composition of membranes depends on body size, latitude and altitude, within which different life-histories and metabolic rate were observed. Temperate and tropical lowland songbird species were chosen for the models testing the effect of latitude, and only tropical species of songbirds were chosen for the models testing the effect of altitude. Part of the work was molecular sex determination. Using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, the amount of individual fatty acids contained in red blood cell phospholipids was obtained from blood samples. The results showed that the composition of the membranes in most cases correlates with body size, which also correlates with almost all...
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Lipid composition of biological membranes and life-histories in songbirds
Šimonová, Kateřina ; Tomášek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Sam, Kateřina (referee)
Differences in the composition of cell membranes are considered to be the physiological mechanism responsible for different metabolic rates, life span and consequently, different life-histories. The membrane pacemaker theory suggests that higher membrane unsaturation may be an important factor responsible for higher metabolic rate and shorter life span of organisms. The alternative hypothesis, on the other hand, assumes that membranes can function as structural antioxidants, and thus that higher membrane unsaturation may be associated with longer life span. The aim of this work was to test how changes in the fatty acid composition of membranes depends on body size, latitude and altitude, within which different life-histories and metabolic rate were observed. Temperate and tropical lowland songbird species were chosen for the models testing the effect of latitude, and only tropical species of songbirds were chosen for the models testing the effect of altitude. Part of the work was molecular sex determination. Using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, the amount of individual fatty acids contained in red blood cell phospholipids was obtained from blood samples. The results showed that the composition of the membranes in most cases correlates with body size, which also correlates with almost all...
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Lipid composition of biological membranes as a pace-maker of metabolic rate and life-histories
Šimonová, Kateřina ; Tomášek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Vojtek, Libor (referee)
Slože í iologi ký h e rá á zásad í vliv a pol e as e é ast é k seli , jako je apříklad DHA, jsou vel i itlivé k poškoze í vol ý i radikál , oproti o o e as e ý MUFA a as e ý SFA ast ý k seli á . předpokladu, že spolu s e as e ostí e rá se zv šuje o idač í u poškoze í a ásled ě r hlost stár utí, vz ikla a e akerová teorie stár utí Tato h potéza je slože á ze dvou částí. Prv í z týká souvislosti ezi slože í e rá a délkou života, kd živoči hové s ví e e as e ý i e rá a i s v šší pero idač í i de e a počte dvoj ý h vaze ěli ít, dík v šší itlivosti k o idač í u kratší délku života Tato část ašla této rešerši podporu. Druhá část týkají í se slože í e rá a r hlosti eta olis u, la větši ou studií v vrá e a. Me rá ů v šší r hlostí eta olis u spíše é ě e as e é oproti e rá á živoči hů po alejší eta olis e , se e ašla sig ifika t í korela e ož h potézou.
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Issue of defining construction defects and failures
Šmahel, Milan
Submission of expert reports in litigation concerning the application of discount on previously purchased old real property due to subsequently discovered construction defects and failures led the author to write this contribution. An expert can be given various tasks in the area of this issue, for example, of specifying and determining: whether by the takeover date of real property by a buyer subject properties embodied defects and failures which the buyer had pointed out to a seller. Then, what costs the buyer must spend on removing subject defects and failures, whether defects and failures are caused by a common wear and tear of an object or by something else, and whether and which of the defects and failures originated from an old and worn object. Moreover, whether such wear and tear, with regard to a life span of individual construction components, was common or not and whether (by the takeover date) the objects were suitable for the use and purpose which they were intended (e.g. housing) for. Last but not least, whether it is possible to specify apparent defects and latent defects by discovered defects and failures, to determine price for real property by the sale date, including both determined price according to the price regulation and common price. Simultaneously, the expert can be given the task to express his view on expert reports attached to a file. Both a great number of tasks and a great number of discovered defects and failures mean a big amount of demanding work for experts. It is appropriate to deal with such work systematically right from the beginning so that conducted analyses, final defining of individual pointed defects and failures and final answers are factual, clear and in order. The author’s experience with the issue of dealing with reports in this area is the subject of this contribution.
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Ecological comparison of three closely related species from \kur{Myosotis palustris} group
KOUTECKÁ, Eva
The study is focused on comparative ecology of three closely related species from Myosotis palustris group. Importance of various functional traits of individual species was evaluated experimentally in the greenhouse (germination experiments), in the pot experiment and in the reciprocal transplant field experiment. Germination, production of clonal structures and response to various environmental conditions (competition, moisture conditions, etc.) were studied. The experimental data are supplemented with an analysis of phytosociological relationships of the studied species.
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