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Vliv antropogenních aktivit na krajinné prostředí
Doležalová, Pavla
This bachelor thesis „Effect of anthropogenic activities on landscape environments“ was created after literary research. It contains summary of theoretical knowledge aimed on the effect of agricultural activities on environment and the possibility of reducing negative impacts caused by agriculture. Next part of my thesis contains evalution of agricultural company Agrosumak a.s. based in Moravian-Silesian region in Suchdol nad Ordou. Afield research of chosen lands larger than 30 ha has been conducted. The main topic of this thesis is proposition of optimization of these lands by putting antierosive and landscaping elements into the landscape. The result of this thesis is improvement of landscape structure and acreage reduction of these lands so that they correspond to a government regulation about cultivating a monoculture on a land smaller than 30 ha.
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Long-term development of scattered vegetation related to agricultural and environmental politics
Vlnová, Lucie ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Matějíček, Luboš (referee)
Scattered vegetation is an essential part of the landscape in the Czech Republic. It is typical mainly for farm land which has experienced deep changes during the last century, which were probably the deepest changes in the last millennium. The thesis focuses on valuation of the scattered vegetation from the fifties till present. As a reset of collectivism, land consolidation in-to large land units, grassland ploughing and disturbance of scenic elements started. These broke the ecological balance of the landscape. The priority was given to the objective of increasing agricultural production. However, this intense way of farming changed sharply after the year 1989 during the transition to free market economy when the intensity of agricultural production decreased and a lot of less efficient areas were left abandoned. At the same time, modern legislativ protecting important scenic elements and scattered vegetation was adopted. At the beginning of the new century the Czech Republic joined the European Union resulting in changes in the environmental and agricultural policy. My thesis is aiming to analyse all the elements of scattered vegetation on one study area and with the help of this analysis tries to get the response of the scattered vegetation to the factors mentioned above. Specifically, I...
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Linear landscape elements and biodiversity of small terrestrial mammals in agriculture landscape
MARŠÁLEK, Martin
Annotation The thesis deals with an influence of linear landscape elements and landscape heterogeneity on a biodiversity and population dynamics of small terrestrial mammals (STM) in an agricultural landscape of South Bohemia. The theoretical part consists of literally review about landscape, historical analysis of landscape structures development in the area of interest and summarizes existing knowledge about the ecology of present STM species. The aim of the practical part is to compare small mammals' biodiversity in three biotopes using capture-release-recapture method. The thesis follows my bachelor thesis and uses the same methods as in 2013. Data obtained in 2013 and 2015 were evaluated and the results were compared. In both years three three-days long captures were performed, always with 30 traps in 5 meters distance in every biotope. The species, sex, weight, foot length and age of captured animals were determined. In 2013, 60 individuals of three species of small terrestrial mammals were captured (Apodemus sylvaticus, Myodes glareolus and Microtus arvalis). In 2015, 444 individuals of four species were captured (Apodemus sylvaticus, Myodes glareolus, Microtus arvalis and Apodemus flavicollis). The total numbers of STM significantly differ between 2013 and 2015 (Wilcoxon's pair test, Z = 2,66; p = 0,008). The biotopes differ significantly in animal abundance in both 2013 (Chi-Square 114,1; d. f. = 2; p < 0, 0001) and 2015 (Chi-Square 346,96; d. f. = 2; p < 0, 0001). The highest species diversity and abundance were always found in linear landscape element (alley).
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The impact of landscape elements on biodiversity of small terrestrial mammals
MARŠÁLEK, Martin
The bachelor thesis is dealing with the influence of linear landscape elements on the biodiversity of small terrestrial mammals in an agricultural landscape of South Bohemia. The theoretical part consists of literally review about biodiversity in agroecosystems, ecotones, landscape elements and about ecology of small rodents and insectivores. The aim of the practical part is to compare small mammals' biodiversity in a linear landscape element, on its edge and in surrounding agriculture area. During 2013 vegetation season three three-days long captures were accomplished, CMR method with ears tags was used. In each of three studied biotope a line with 30 traps in 5 metres distances was laid. The species, sex, weight, foot length and age of captured animals were determined. In total, 36 individuals of three species of small terrestrial mammals were captured (Apodemus sylvaticus, Myodes glareolus and Microtus arvalis). The biotopes differ significantly in animal abundance (Chi-Square 66,167; d. f. = 2; p < 0, 0001). The highest species diversity and abundance were found in linear element, where 35 individuals and all the species were captured. In ecotonal zone only one individual was found and there was no individual captured at agricultural meadow.
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