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Nutritional intake of macroelements in lactating women.
Doubková, Zuzana ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
The thesis deals with the issue of nutrition in lactating women. The main objective of this work is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the nutritional intake of Czech women during lactation, focusing on the intake of selected minerals, specifically sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Subsequently, the obtained results will be compared with the recommended daily intake of these macroelements. The results are based on the nutritional intake of six monitored women, from whom values were provided for all lactation periods L1 to L4 during the period from February 2022 to February 2023. For a larger dataset, the values of two additional women were included in the research, from whom values were obtained for periods L1 to L3. Further details of this limitation are provided in the relevant chapter 7.1.7. Limitation of the study. Women recorded their diets in questionnaire form, always a week before visiting the physiological laboratory of Professor PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek Ph.D. In the questionnaire, they recorded meals, foods, fluids, and their intake amounts. The gathered information was further processed using the NutriDan program and statistically evaluated in the Microsoft Excel program. A key finding of the study is an excessive intake of sodium, approximately 1000 mg of sodium...
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Obsah jodu v moči a mléce krav v období puerperia
HOLÍKOVÁ, Michaela
The theoretical part of the thesis informs about the importance of iodine for humans, dairy cows and calves, its occurrence in the environment of the Czech Republic, the symptoms of iodine deficiency or excess and sources of iodine for dairy cows. It also presents factors influencing the iodine content in milk and introduces the postpartum period. The practical part is devoted to the evaluation of the iodine content in milk and urine of dairy cows in the puerperium period, i.e. up to the 25th day after birth, as well as to the evaluation of the correlation between the iodine content in milk and urine of dairy cows, milk yield and day of lactation.
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Midwife in the role of lactation consultant for women
ŽIROVNICKÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis explores the topic of the midwife in the role of lactation consultant for women. The thesis is divided into two parts - a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part describes the postpartum period, the production of breast milk, the physiology of lactation, including the composition of breast milk and the benefits that breastfeeding brings to the woman and the baby. Furthermore, the complications associated with breastfeeding, their management and the role of the midwife in lactation counselling are described. The bachelor thesis also discusses lactation counselling in antenatal preparation and the education of lactation counsellors. Last but not least, the theoretical part describes breastfeeding technique, breastfeeding positions and the most commonly used breastfeeding aids. In the practical part of the bachelor thesis, the aim was to find out whether women who have a problem with breastfeeding seek care from a midwife involved in lactation counselling. The second aim was to find out how midwives provide lactation counselling to women. The qualitative research was conducted through semi-structured interviews. The research was conducted from February to March 2024 through telephone calls, video interviews or face-to-face meetings. The research sets were two. The first research set consisted of midwives involved in lactation counseling and the second research set consisted of women who were breastfeeding. The interviews with the informants were conducted on the basis of their consent and were completely anonymous. The collected data were transcribed and then analyzed using text coloring. The main categories and subcategories were established for data analysis and are described in the practical part of the bachelor thesis. For midwives, two main categories (Lactation Counsellor Profession, Lactation Counselling) were established based on the responses obtained, which include six sub-categories: (Lactation Counselling Education, Service Promotion, Most Frequently Addressed Breastfeeding Problems, Form of care provided, Access to Lactation Counselling and Resolution of Emergency Problems). For women, there are three main categories (Breastfeeding information, Starting breastfeeding and Breastfeeding complications). These categories are divided into eight subcategories (Women's information about breastfeeding before delivery, Interest in breastfeeding, First attachment, Education at the postpartum department, Lactation support, Lactation problems, Use of lactation consultant care, and Breastfeeding termination). The first research question looked at the most common issues that lead women to seek care from a midwife for lactation counselling. According to the responses, the most common reasons were feeding the baby with artificial milk and breast problems such as soreness, raga and difficulty attaching the baby to the breast. Informants also reported that women contact lactation counsellors because they need reassurance and a check on breastfeeding technique. The second research question explored how midwives provide lactation counselling. All informants visit women in their home environment to help them with breastfeeding, check correct breastfeeding technique and help women with any complications. Most of the informants noted that they also discuss breastfeeding issues with women in the antenatal or breastfeeding course, where they try to prepare women for breastfeeding.
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Vliv pohybové aktivity dojnic v krmišti na jejich produkci mléka
Caletková, Jitka
This bachelor's thesis deals with the influence of movement activity of dairy cows in the feedlot on their milk production. The aim was to confirm or disprove the statement that when a dairy cow has more visitors at the trough, she should also have a higher milk yield. Dairy cows were observed at the ZOD Haná, družstvo se sídlem ve Švábenicích, specifically at the VKK Rybníček center with 592 dairy cows. Dairy cows in their first lactation were selected for observation. Observations of dairy cows took place during 2021 (spring, summer and autumn) and 2022 (winter). Each observation during the year contained 12 measurements. The dairy cows that were observed at the trough were entered into the table and subsequently their milk productivity was traced, and the average daily temperature was also entered. The results show that dairy cows that were caught three and four times at the trough had higher milk yields.
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Vliv věku při prvním otelení na mléčnou užitkovost holštýnských dojnic v konkrétním podniku
Landová, Valentýna
The bachelor thesis dealt with the effect of age at first calving of Holstein dairy cows on their subsequent milk yield. In the literature section, the basic characteristics of Holstein cattle, milk yield, milk composition and the influences on milk yield were described. In addition, fertility and reproduction of cows were defined in more detail. The practical part took place on a farm located in the Central Bohemia region. A total of 52 Holstein dairy cows were included in the evaluation. The selected cows were divided into four groups according to their age at first calving (calved up to 21 months, 22-23 months, 24-25 months and over 26 months). The data from the performance monitoring of Holstein cows in their first lactation were used in this study. Milk performance parameters monitored included milk yield, fat, protein, lactose, urea and somatic cell count. The effect of lactation stage on the listed milk parameters was also monitored. The lowest milk production was achieved by cows calving at 21 months of age (29.74 kg milk). On the other hand, the highest milk yield was obtained by cows calved at the age of 26 months and above (33.52 kg milk). This difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Furthermore, a sta-tistically significant difference (p<0.05) was found between the average milk yield of cows calved at less than 21 months of age and those calved at 24-25 months of age. The effect of age at first calving did not have a statistically significant difference (p>0.05) on the other observed milk contents.
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Analýza parametrov mliečnej úžitkovosti u dojníc pred a po inštalácii ventilátorov v stajni
Kancír, Ján
The aim of the study is to analyse milk performance parameters in dairy cows before and after the installation of fans in the barn. For this purpose, observation was carried out in a particular farm. The observation was carried out during the period from 2016 to the end of 2022. The whole observation was divided into two periods namely the period before and the period after the installation of the ventilators. The milk performance parameters will mainly include milk yield (kg milk), lactation order (n) and lactation stage (days). From the results obtained, the following can be stated. The installation of fans had an effect on milk yield over the whole follow-up period where before installation the mean milk yield was lower (P > 0.05) and after installation the milk yield was higher (P < 0.01). The effect of fans was also observed on milk constituent content. Considering only the summer months (June, July, August), it was found that there was a demonstrable increase (P < 0.01) in milk yield in cows after installation of fans. Regarding milk constituents, the installation had no demonstrable effect (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, a similar trend of reduction in fat and protein percentage can be seen as in the whole follow-up.
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Vliv pořadí dojnic holštýského skotu v dojírně na parametry mléčné užitkovosti ve vybraném chovu
Gašpariková, Tereza
This bachelor thesis focuses on the effect of the order dairy cows of Holstein dairy cattle in the parlour on milk yield parameters. The monitoring was carried out in a selected breed for individual sections, morning and evening milking during all seasons (Janua-ry, April, August, October). The monitoring included determining of the order of cows in the parlour, preference of milking place or preference of left or right side of the parlour. At the same time, milk yield was monitored, specifically milk yield (kg milk), lactation order (n), lactation phase (days), fat (%), protein (%) and lactose (%) content. Data of milk yield of dairy cows were obtained from the program FARMSOFT and from ČMSCH, a.s. (milk yield control). There were monitored 2 164 cows during the year. According to results cows with higher lactation order (older cows) and related higher milk yield entered the milking parlour first. On the contrary, cows with a lower lactation order entered the parlour last. The cows with higher milk yield preferred the first and last milking stalls. It was also found that older and higher yielding cows chose the left side. From an economic point of view, this farm was in profit in 2022. The main reason was the higher farm gate milk price and increased milk yield.
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Výživa vysokoprodukčních dojnic v podmínkách farmy na Písecku
Molková, Tereza
The main theme of this bachelor's thesis is the evaluation of the quality and level of nutrition high production dairy cows. This final work is separated into two parts. A literature search is prepared for the given topic, in which the nutrition of individual categories of dairy cows is specified in more detail and topics related to this are cove-red. The literal reshuffle follows an appreciation of the feed base in the practical part. two feed rations applied by a particular holding from the point of view of the nutrient content are analyzed and compared with calculated feeding standards for monitored dairy cow categories. The conclusion of the work is to assess the suitability of the feed ratio of each breed category.
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Porovnání získaných informací o množství nadojeného mléka z kontroly užitkovosti a z dojírenských systémů
Žáková, Monika
The aim of this thesis was to compare milking data from farm productivity control and milking systems. Data collection using a PDA was used here as part of a performance check when milk from each dairy cow was recorded manually from a currently calibrated measuring system. The data from the milking system was downloaded from the Farmsoft program, which is used on farms to manage the herd. The comparison took place in 90 dairy cows when 3 lactations were evaluated from each. The difference between the data from the milking parlour system and the KU was confirmed on one of the three farms with more than a 5% probability. The average difference between milk yield was 4.2 kg and the maximum deviation reached 54.1 kg. Several possibilities have been identified as reasons for the difference. The first option is an inappropriate identification device in the form of responders on collars, when there is greater damage and the impossibility of loading dairy cows at the milking parlour. Subsequently, it is possible to point to the different techniques of the milking parlours, where the technology from the BouMatic farm appears to be less reliable. Another possible cause is a misconfiguration of the milking technology with the computer system. Further research into the possible causes of poor identification of dairy cows and the acquisition of innovative technologies for animal identification is recommended.
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