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Long-term trends in sulphur and nitrogen wet deposition - a comparison of Northern Hemisphere regions
Vlnasová, Eliška ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Kaňa, Jiří (referee)
This scientific literature review examines the time trends of wet atmospheric deposition of sulphur and nitrogen over a four decade period in three regions of the Northern Hemisphere, namely Europe, North America and Southeast Asia. The wet atmospheric deposition processes transport sulphur and nitrogen compounds from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface via vertical or horizontal pathways. Excessive levels of these deposited compounds can cause a number of environmental problems, such as change in biodiversity, degradation of forest stands or change in water and soil chemistry. It is therefore necessary to monitor and evaluate these trends. Sulphur and nitrogen can enter the atmosphere through anthropogenic emissions, among other sources. The change in sulphur and nitrogen emissions over the last four decades has undoubtedly influenced the time trends of wet deposition. The aim of this work is to evaluate these patterns in addition to the sulphur and nitrogen trends. This work also addresses the change in wet deposition ion ratios, in particular the change in the ratio of NH4 + to NO3 - in the wet deposition of nitrogen. Wet deposition of sulphur, in line with a significant reduction in sulphur compounds emissions, records a noticeable decrease in both Europe and North America, but wet...
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Vliv kyselé a dusíkové zátěže na dostupnost dusičnanů v lesních půdách
KOTOUNOVÁ, Adéla
The Czech Republic faced high acid deposition in the past that altered soil chemistry and nitrogen (N) cycle. However, it is not clear whether the changes are related to soil acidification or to the nutritional effect of N. The aim of this study was to determine the availability of nitrates in the beech and spruce forest soils and to determine how it is influenced by acid and N addition (application of sulfuric acid and ammonium nitrate; a six-year field experiment in the Ore Mountains). Other soil characteristics influencing nitrates were evaluated: net N mineralization and nitrification, the availability of ammonium and microbial biomass. Soil acidification affected spruce forest nitrification while N addition increased beech forest microbial biomass.
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Historical acid deposition as a predictor of current growth trends in montane forests in the Krkonoše Mts.
Procházková, Kateřina ; Tumajer, Jan (advisor) ; Vejpustková, Monika (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on mountain Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests and their sensitivity to acid deposition, which culminated in Czechia during the 1980s. Acid deposition negativelly affects tree growth resulting in high mortality and poor health status of the entire forest stands. Mountain forests provide numerous important ecological services, which increses the need for understanding of the processes affecting their growth. The thesis examines the interaction between acid damage in the past and current growth trends and the resistance of mountain forests to current climate extremes (mainly to the effects of drought). The empirical part of the research is based on data on trends in tree-rings widths over the last two decades together with historical data of defoliation monitoring. Tree-ring width data were sampled using dendrochronological methods in the field. For this research, I selected plots along two altitudinal transects in the Krkonoše Mts. - Pec pod Sněžkou and Špindlerův Mlýn. Defoliation data were extracted from the long-term MONBASE database from the Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research (IFER). The statistical method of correlation analysis was used in order to determine the relationship between acid deposition and current tree growth. The most important correlated...
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Atmospheric deposition of substances in the Czech Republic and abroad
BARTŮŠEK, Ondřej
This thesis is focused on atmospheric deposition of substances in the Czech Republic and abroad. There are also briefly explained concepts such as source pollution emissions and air pollutants, which are depended on each other and which are closely linked with atmospheric deposition. There is also explained the process of formation of atmospheric deposition. There are also described in detail the types of atmospheric deposition, their structure, removing a procedure for estimating the size of atmospheric deposition. To get an idea of the work the values of atmospheric deposition in Europe, China, North America and in the last row in the Czech Republic, where is briefly described the trend of atmospheric deposition. Furthermore, there are station network in the Czech Republic. The last part of the thesis deals with the development of the atmospheric deposition of sulfur, nitrogen and hydrogen ions in the Czech Republic and at certain stations.
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Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Czech republic and round the world.
SUCHÁ, Jitka
This bachelor thesis is focused on the atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Czech Republic and round the world. For easier understanding of atmospheric deposition in the thesis there are shortly explained terms such as the source of pollution, emissions and air pollutants, which are interdependent and often interact. There are presented different types of atmospheric deposition, their detailed classification, their collection and the process of determining the size of atmospheric deposition. Furthermore, this thesis gives the current value of atmospheric deposition in European and non European countries and the values in the Czech Republic, where the trend of atmospheric deposition from the fifties to the present is shortly described. The thesis presents the station network in the Czech Republic, its functions and methods of data collection, which are still used to evaluate the air quality situation in Europe in the EMEP programme, where you can find information about other European countries. Then the values of atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus in the U.S., especially on the east coast and central parts of the United States of America, and China are presented. The last part of the thesis is focused on atmospheric nitrogen deposition value development in the Czech Republic selected, more or less affected areas in the Czech republic.
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