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Basic comparison winter wheat and neighboring flowering strip
Suchý, Viktor ; Kazda, Jan (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
Summary
The winter wheat belongs to the staple crop not only around the whole world, but also in the Czech Republic, where it has been grown on about 38 percent of the cultivated land and, regarding the general share of cereals, on 60 percent of the cultivated land. Since the cereals do not provide nectar, nor are they the valuable source of pollen, as regards to the diversity of insects the cereals provide rather poor environment. The lack of food resources for the living species of insects in the agricultural landscape influenced by the high ratio of cereals should be compensated by flowering strips. Regardless of the potential of the flowering strips to support the biodiversity of insects in landscapes, the flowering strips could boost useful species of insects in surrounding plants and help with pest control.
In 2014 the research experiment on a flowering nectar-rich biostrip supposedly improving the presence of pollinators as well as natural enemies was done on the field of the research station in Uhrineves, Prague. In autumn 2014 the winter wheat was sowed and then in spring 2015 the flowering strips consisting of 12 plant species were sowed along one side of the winter wheat field. The observations of the insect species presence were always conducted during favourable climatic conditions from the beginning of June until the harvest of winter wheat in late July. Insect captures were conducted using Moericke traps method once or twice a week and sweep-netting method once every two weeks. The number of insects species such as predators (Coccinellidae, Cantharidae, Staphylinidae), parasitoids (Hymenoptera parasitica) and pollinators (Syrphidae) were observed. Simultaneously, the intensity of flowering including species of weeds was assessed. The open flowers were counted on four unchanged spots on the field, the area of 1 square metre. MS Excel was used for data processing.
The hypothesis of the project has been confirmed. Using the sweepnetting methods, the higher number of monitored insect species has been found in the flowering strips compared to the wheat vegetation. Significantly higher number of parasitic wasps specimens has been observed. The sweepnetting method is considered as an appropriate in comparison to Moericke traps, which have been luring the insects in the vicinity, but have not proved the real presence of insects in the cover.
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Basic comparison of insect species diversity in various varieties of winter oilseed rape and neighboring flowering strip
Souček, Jiří ; Kazda, Jan (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
Rape seed is an very important crop in Czech republic. It is and economic plant and also good plant for another plants sowned another year. This caused that a lot of fields is sowned with rape seed. Rape seed is demanding a lot of chemistry against pests. This cause that in those fields is lower insect biodiversity. Flowering strips could be helpful to get higher insect biodiversity. Also it could help to decrease pests in rape seed.
Research was observing insect predators (Syrphidae, Staphylinidae, Coccinillidae, Cantharidae) and parasitoids (Hymenoptera parasitica).
Moericke traps were not a good choice for measurments of insect predators and it didnt prove higher diversity of those predators. However, Moerickeho traps proved that higher number of Brassicogethes were correlating with higher number of parasitoids.
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