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Využití různých technologií zpracování půdy ke kukuřici v podmínkách zemědělského podniku
Daněk, Jan
The literature part of the bachelor thesis deals with soil characteristics, maize sowing and soil processing. In the soil processing chapter, the different soil processing technologies are divided and characterised. The bachelor thesis focuses on the comparison of four soil treatment methods - shallow loosening, deep loosening, medium loosening and plough-ing. A one-year semi-operational experiment was carried out on the land of Agrodružstvo Žimutice. The experiment was mainly focused on the comparison of yield from the differ-ent variants, but other parameters were also evaluated - number of plants per m2, grain moisture at harvest, protein and starch content, bulk density and HTZ. All data were ana-lysed from a one-year semi-operational experiment. The highest yields were obtained with shallow tillage and the lowest yields with deep tillage. However, the yields were not statistically conclusive. Statistical significance was observed for the qualitative parameters of protein content, bulk density and HTZ.
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Půdoochranné technologie pěstování kukuřice s výsevem do mulče meziplodin
Reiter, Michal
The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate soil conservation technologies in the maize cultivation using cover crops. Biomass production was studied in selected cover crops. The influence of various tillage technologies and cover crops on the maize grain yield was monitored, and the number of maize plants in a row was evaluated. The exper-iment took place in 2018/2019 in Žabčice, at the school farm of Mendel University. Five types of cover crops were covered in the experiment: green peas, oats, mustard, phacelia and lucerne. Three options of tillage were studied: strip tillage, minimum tillage and no tillage. The oats showed the largest production of biomass. The largest production of maize grain was without using any cover crops, but some cover crops had almost the same grain production. Out of the cover crops, the best influence on the yield was by oats, otherwise the lowest influence on the yield was by lucerne. Maize achieved the highest yield after the minimum tillage technology.
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Minimalizační a půdoochranné technologie uplatněné při pěstování kukuřice na zrno
Adámek, Josef
This bachelor thesis compares the influence of various examples of soil tillage on the changes of soil properties and grain corn yield. It contrasts measuring results from a long-term experiment of grain corn monoculture. The thesis uses results from years 2012 to 2014. The field experiment was carried out in a grain corn production area on brown medium heavy soil. There were three alternatives of soil tillage compared -- convention tillage, minimum tillage and no-till. During the observed time from 2012 to 2014, the highest average yield was achieved in the alternative with convention tillage. The highest average grain corn yield was reached in 2013 with convention tillage (10,2 t.ha-1), the lowest in 2014 with no-till (4,99 t.ha-1). The comparison of the influence of various examples of soil tillage on the soil properties showed values which refer to the problem of soil compaction. This finding was proved also by soil research with the help of penetrometer measuring. Critical values of soil compaction were detected in the depth of 0,10-0,30 m in the no-till alternative. This compaction results in the decrease of minimal air capacity under 10 %. Excessive soil compaction was also detected in the depth of 0,20-0,30 m in the minimum tillage alternative. Negative compaction was not proved in the convention tillage alternative. From the observation results and experience gained from practice it is possible to recommend minimum tillage as the most optimal alternative for grain corn production in this area. The use of minimization is optimal for grain corn growth and evolution and in comparison with convention tillage it is more soil-friendly, more efficient with regard to the use of labour force and more profitable.
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Kukuřice jako agrokomodita
Buba, Lukáš
The aim of this Bachelor thesis is to develop a review of literature on the cultivation of maize. The first part is devoted to the history and the present of maize cultivation in the Czech Republic. Further on, maize is described in terms of its biology and breeding. The paper in detail deals with the requirements of maize on the cultivation environment. Varieties of maize are characterized by the sum of effective temperatures and the FAO number. The cultivation technology deals with the inclusion of maize in the crop rotation, tillage, nutrition and fertilization, care during vegetation and the harvest of maize for silage and maize for grain. The second part of the thesis describes the condition of maize cultivation in the company Netis a.s., Návsí. Yields of maize cultivation from the years 2014, 2015 and 2016 were acquired from both farms of the company, which were processed and subsequently evaluated.
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Minimalizační technologie zpracování půdy ke kukuřici na zrno
Adámek, Josef
This diploma thesis is aimed at comparing the influence of various soil tillage alternatives on grain corn yield and the changes of soil properties. The observation was carried out at an experimental station with corn monoculture, in an experiment established in 2001 in a corn production area on loam Orthic Luvisol. The thesis compiles results from years 2015 and 2016. Four basic examples of soil tillage were assessed - ploughing (0,22 m), deep loosening (0,25 m), shallow loosening (0,12 m) and direct sowing. The highest average grain corn yield was achieved in 2016 after deep loosening (13,35 t.ha-1), similar values were after shallow loosening (13,23 t.ha-1) and ploughing (12,94 t.ha-1), the lowest yield was after direct sowing (12,35 t.ha-1). The yield in year 2015 was influenced by extreme climate conditions. It was approximately by 50% lower than in year 2016. The highest yield was after deep loosening (6,67 t.ha-1) and the lowest after ploughing (5,63 t.ha-1). This diploma thesis also evaluates basic soil physics - bulk density, total porosity, minimum soil air capacity and soil moisture content. It follows from statistical assessment that when the intensity of soil tillage sinks, the values of bulk density raise statistically significantly and total porosity sinks. The alternative of direct sowing proved the highest values of bulk density, the lowest values of total porosity and the lowest values of minimum soil air capacity. The values measured during direct sowing in 0,10-0,20 m depth exceeded the critical limits of soil compaction. The lowest soil moisture content was shown during deep loosening and the highest during direct sowing. Measured penetrometric soil resistance always increased under the depth of soil tillage and there the more solid layer was formed. However, the critical limit indicating soil compaction was exceeded only during tillage. It was in depth 0,25 m. From long-term evaluation, shallow loosening can be recommended to grow grain corn in this area. This alternative provides corn with optimal conditions for its growth and development. When compared to the alternative of ploughing it is more soil-friendly, more profitable and uses labour force more effectively. The experience from practice and the results of our experiment vindicated the recommendation of regular deep loosening inclusion when growing grain corn.
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Vyhodnotenie vplyvu použitia krycích podplodín (cover plants) na pestovanie zrnovej kukurice
Hospodár, Ján
The diploma thesis deals with the cultivation of grain maize in the system of soil protection utlilizing underseeding and cover plants. It investigates the effect of underseeding of selected plant species on crop of corn grain. It assesses the suitability and potential of each species for their cultivation in the "subsoil" in view of limiting the production process of the main crop and at the same time soil protection function. In the 2018 experiment, 8 variants of the cover plants were included: soy, milk thistle, facelia, clover, ryegrass, pea-oat-pea, oat-pea, mixture of KeepSoil Corn. The following signs were observed on maize: total plant height, weight of one roll, length of the roll, number of grains per cross-section, harvest moisture, grain weight from 20 rolls. The cover plants were monitored for: soil cover and production of above-ground phytomass per unit area. The statistical evaluation shows that the crop of maize grain was affected by: milk thistle, pea-oat-pea, facelia, clover, ryegrass, pea-oat. Soil cover of at least 50% has been achieved by: milk thistle, facelias, ryegrass, mixture of KeepSoil Corn. From the results of the experiment it is possible to unambiguously recommend a milk thistle, facelium, ryegrass and commercial mixture of KeepSoil Corn as a grain maize cover crops. The experiment was carried out in extremely dry year 2018, which has also affected the results.
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Porovnání různých způsobů zpracování půdy ke kukuřici na zrno
Špunar, Michael
The bachelor thesis concerns with comparison of soil cultivation technoologies and their influece on yealds of grain corn. Whole thesis is based on one year field trial, which was realised in years 2016/2017 by company ZEV Šaratice. The goal of the trial was to compare conventional tillage and minimum tillage. Parts of the field cultivated by both technologies were seeded with three hybrid varieties and evaluated in four repetitions. Research presents possibilities of soil cultivation and general information about sweetcorn growing. In the second part of the thesis, there are statistically evaluated results of the trial, which did not prove any statistically provable difference in any cattegories.
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Minimalizační a půdoochranné technologie uplatněné při pěstování kukuřice na zrno
Adámek, Josef
This bachelor thesis compares the influence of various examples of soil tillage on the changes of soil properties and grain corn yield. It contrasts measuring results from a long-term experiment of grain corn monoculture. The thesis uses results from years 2012 to 2014. The field experiment was carried out in a grain corn production area on brown medium heavy soil. There were three alternatives of soil tillage compared -- convention tillage, minimum tillage and no-till. During the observed time from 2012 to 2014, the highest average yield was achieved in the alternative with convention tillage. The highest average grain corn yield was reached in 2013 with convention tillage (10,2 t.ha-1), the lowest in 2014 with no-till (4,99 t.ha-1). The comparison of the influence of various examples of soil tillage on the soil properties showed values which refer to the problem of soil compaction. This finding was proved also by soil research with the help of penetrometer measuring. Critical values of soil compaction were detected in the depth of 0,10-0,30 m in the no-till alternative. This compaction results in the decrease of minimal air capacity under 10 %. Excessive soil compaction was also detected in the depth of 0,20-0,30 m in the minimum tillage alternative. Negative compaction was not proved in the convention tillage alternative. From the observation results and experience gained from practice it is possible to recommend minimum tillage as the most optimal alternative for grain corn production in this area. The use of minimization is optimal for grain corn growth and evolution and in comparison with convention tillage it is more soil-friendly, more efficient with regard to the use of labour force and more profitable.
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Vliv různého zpracování půdy na výnosy a ekonomiku pěstování kukuřice na zrno
Nejedlá, Jana
The thesis was evaluated the effect of different tillage on yield and economics of maize grain. Monitoring was carried out in the years 2006 - 2012 on loamy gley Fluvisol in corn production areas. Corn for grain was within the crop rotation grown after winter wheat. Comparison of two variants of tillage: 1) Conventional tillage with plowing (0.22 meters) 2) Minimization tillage with shallow loosening (at 0.15 m) Effects of different tillage on yields of corn for grain was lackluster, the differences between the versions in addition to the 2010 statistically inconclusive. Higher average yield for the reference years were recorded on the variant of the classical tillage (10.65 t /ha), lower average yield was at variant with shallow tillage (10.34 t /ha). The difference in yield between the variants was 0.31 tons per hectare. Sales of a conventional tillage were on average higher years (46,627 Kč/ha) as compared to minimization processing (46,297 Kč/ha), the difference between the variants was 330 Kč per hectare. Direct costs were a conventional tillage on average in higher (18 094 Kč/ha) than in the minimization process (17 470 Kč/ha), the difference between the variants was 624 Kč per hectare. Contribution margin was a conventional tillage on average in lower (29 295 Kč/ha) than in the minimization process (29 573 Kč/ha), the difference between the variants was 278 Kč per hectare. The results show the overall monitoring of the environmental conditions of the possibility of using both technological procedures tillage (classical and minimization) of maize grain grown in crop rotation after winter wheat.
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