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Morfologické změny a změny v produkci biomasy u krytokořenných semenáčků buku lesního (Fagus sylvatica L.) po výsevu naklíčených bukvic
Skuhrová, Eliška
The diploma thesis deals with the influence of different conditions and sprouts damage during sowing of germinated beechnuts on emergence, biomass production and morphological parameters of containerized planting stock of European beech. According to the condition of the sprouts, the beech seedlings were sorted into six variants (small white sprout, large brown sprout, broken sprout, two sprouts, abnormal germination) and then sown to container. To determine the impact of germinated beechnuts, they were gradually sown into the container after different length of storage in the cooler at an average temperature of +0.7 °C. According to the results, it follows that the seedlings grown from beechnuts with an undamaged small white sprout had a significantly higher emergence rate than the seedlings that were grown from beechnuts that were sown ungerminating or whose sprouts were damaged during sowing. The type and length of the beech sprout has also an effect on the morphological parameters, especially on the shape of root collar of the seedlings. No disturbance of the architecture of the root system (root collar) was recorded in the seedlings that emerged from unsprouted beechnuts or the beechnuts with broken sprouts. On the contrary, significant deformations of the root system were recorded in the case of seedlings grown from sprouted beechnuts with small white sprout, large brown sprout or two sprouts. It can therefore be stated as a rule that the smaller sprout the beechnuts will have at sowing, the smaller the risk of deformation of the root system (root collar). Furthermore, it was found that the storage of beechnuts in a cooler does not have a negative effect on the subsequent germinations of the plants. A significant effect of the storage time of beechnuts on the morphological parameters of the seedlings was not recorded. However, it follows from the research that the sowing of beechnut should be carried out in time, so that the plants create the most optimal parameters in the growing season. Thanks to these procedures, it will fulfil the conditions of standardized planting material given by the standard ČSN 48 2115 (2012).
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Vliv biotechniky sadby na odrůstání krytokořenného sadebního materiálu
Nedomanský, Daniel
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different plantation biotechnics on growth of Scots pine and pedunculate oak containerized planting stock. Both types of planting stock were grown to the same technology type used plantpot QUICK POT D 60 T/12 and 15. Monitoring was carried out by two research areas that have different soil conditions. It was a sandy soil and ground water affected. These areas were located in the Hradec Králové region. We tested following plantation biotechnics: hole planting, planting spade, planting fork, planting thorn and planting stick. It was also monitored overlaps the root ball of a layer of mineral soil. The evaluation was carried out by one growing season after planting. Plant mortality, parameters of above-ground plants part, damage of biotic and abiotic factors, plants vitality and especially root system were monitored. Based on the evaluation of these observations and measurements it has been found which plantation biotechnics are appropriate or not unsuitable for the growing of planting stocks, depending on site soil conditions. The outcome of this work is an overall assessment of individual planting biotechnics and recommendations that the most suitable planting biotechnics for reforestation from above-mentioned planting stock is planting hole.
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Vliv způsobů sadby krytokořenného sadebního materiálu smrku ztepilého a buku lesního na odrůstání kultur a vývin jejich kořenového systému v 7. lesním vegetačním stupni
Macek, Jiří
The aim of the work was to determine the effect of different seeding biotechniques on overall plant growth and root system development of container seedlings of Norway spruce and European beech in 7. forest vegetation tier. The measurements were performed on two established experimental plots - Forest Management Complex Janovice, district Hubert on forest types 7P and 7K. The tested techniques were as follows: centre hole planting, planting stick, planting tube, planting spade, planting thorn, planting prong and planting cutter. Soil overlapping during planting was also observed. The parameters measured were: losses, height of above - round part, increments, root collar thickness, ratio of roots growing out from root package, vitality and biotic and abiotic damages. The results clearly show that the differing biotechnique of planting has influence on Norway spruce and European beech growth and root system development. Both species on plot 7K grew better and had more expansive root systerm when center planting method was used. On plot 7P the best results for Norway spruce were achieved with planting cutter with overlapping and for European beech with planting spade without overlapping. The center planting method had the lowest losses for both species.
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Možnosti a limity uplatnění prostokořenného a krytokořenného sadebního materiálu při obnově vybraných stanovišť středních a nižších lesních vegetačních stupňů
Bastl, Pavel
The aim of the bachelor thesis is a complex evaluation and comparison of the use of bare-root and container-grown planting material, with respect to planting and growth, so that the forest restoration would be more sucessful and effective. For this survey we set specific areas with suitable conditions related to habitat and altitude. The areas were located in particular forest types sets, specifically 4K, 4S, 3K, 3S, 3M. In each area we planted 200 bare-root and container-grown plants of European spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). The first finding in the following year after the forestation was a mortality. After the end of the vegetation period we evaluated 100 plants of each type and variety. The main measuring features included: the thickness of root neck, the height of above ground part, the mortality, the length of growth and other features that helped for the most accurate and objective comparison. Each variety and type of plants were measured, the data were evaluated and statistically compared.
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Vysychání krytokořenného sadebního materiálu při manipulaci a jeho vliv na ujímavost a odrůstání rostlin po výsadbě
Volf, Luděk
The aim of this Master thesis was to assess the survival and growing out of container planting stock for the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and the European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) after the set period of stressing by dessication due to incorrect manipulation. The plants exposed to desiccation for 2, 3, 4 and 5 days were planted in a research area. During the first day of testing, the variant for checking of unstressed planting stock was planted. The research also included the testing of new methods for assessing root ball water loss during plant desiccation. The method for measuring the decrease in weight of a root ball during manipulation was used and two devices for measure moisture levels in root balls were tested (HH2 and WHT 860). The first assessment was carried out five weeks after planting out, during which vitality and sprouting progress were assessed. The second assessment took place at the end of the vegetation period, and vitality, duration of apical increment, thickness of the rootcollar and the length of needles and leaves were assessed. It was confirmed that with an increased duration of root ball desiccation comes the loss of moisture which after a certain period of time negatively impacted the survival and growing out of the tested plants. The limit for the root ball was a 3-day-long exposure of the planting stock to desiccation. The spruce planting stock is significantly more resistant to the negative effects of radiation and desiccation than the beech planting stock. The minimal threshold for moisture levels was set, determining when the planting stock can grow out without any major problems. The tested methods appear to be promising and can be used to assess the planting stock quality before the planting.
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Porovnání růstu prostokořenného a krytokořenného sadebního materiálu
Souchová, Jana
The aim of the thesis was to compare and evaluate the growth of bare-rooted and rooted seedlings of the same tree species based on the findings. All trees compared and monitored in this work were planted in the same area of the cane, in 2016. The evaluation was carried out on 4 research areas, these areas are characterized by sets of forest types 2S (fresh beech oak), 6K (sour spruce beech), 6S (fresh spruce beech) and 7K (acid beech spruce). There are three species of woody species in these areas, namely Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb) Franco) and European beech (Fagus silvatica L.). On each plot, 100 individuals were subjected to measurement for each variant of planting material in the autumn of 2017, for which the following parameters were evaluated: losses, height of the overground part in 2016 (which was measured after the scar marking the last increment), height of the above ground part in 2017, increment in 2017, the length of branch growth in 2017, the width of the crown, the thickness of the root neck, the trunk deflection from the vertical axis, the length and width of the assimilation apparatus, the straightness of the stem, the vitality of the plant. Based on the results, the following conclusions were drawn: On the SLT 6K surface in the case of woody beech, the variant of planting material grew better. In contrast, barkless planting stock grew better in Douglas fir tree species. The Norway spruce tree then grew better in the rooted variant. In the overall assessment of the abovementioned factors, it can be stated that on the SLT 6K the rooted seedlings grow better. In the SLT 6S area, the species of beech was found to be better growing in the bare-root variant. The Douglas fir also grew better in the bare-rooted variant and Norway spruce was best grown in the rooted roots variant. The result is that the bare-rooted planting material grows better on SLT 6S. On the area of SLT 7K there was a better growth of the beech in the rooted variant, as well as the better overall results of the spruce in the openrooted variant. Douglas fir grew better on the area in the barefoot variant. To summarize the findings of the observation on SLT 7K, it can be stated that the better results are achieved and hence the growing of the rooted planting material. In the SLT 2S area, the results for the growth of beech wood were better in the bare-rooted variant; Douglas fir tree has not been evaluated for this area due to insufficient seedlings when setting up the research area.
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Porovnání růstu prostokořenného a krytokořenného sadebního materiálu
Petrů, Markéta
This work is about comparison of bare-rooted and containerized planting stocks on 5 locations with different conditions, which were established for the purpose of this kind of research. Locations consisted of these forest type sets: 4K, 4S, 5K and two areas with a forest type set 3K. There were 200 bare-rooted varieties and 200 containerized varieties of three species planted on these locations in 2016, namely European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karsten). After the end of the vegetation period in 2017, measurements were made on the mentioned trees. Hundred individual trees from each variant were measured. The following parameters and features were measured: height of the aboveground part in 2017, height of the aboveground part in 2016, length of the growth of branches, thickness of the root neck, width of the crown, length and width of the assimilation apparatus, ripple of the trunk, diversion of the trunk, height of split of multiple trunk, colour of the assimilation apparatus, crown shape, multiple top, losses. The measurements were further statistically evaluated and the results showed that the containerized variant of European beech has better growth at all evaluated locations. Containerized variant of all plants was better on 5K area than on the other areas. Bare-rooted variant of Norway spruce had better growth on forest type sets such as 3K,3K B,4K, and 4S. Bare-rooted variant of Douglas fir had better results on 3K (Svárov) and 4K areas, but containerized variant had better results on 3K (Vanovice) and 4K area.
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Vliv stanoviště a biotechniky sadby na odrůstání kultur založených krytokořenným sadebním materiálem
Novák, Jiří
The aim of this work was to find out how different planting biotechnique of the seed and different site have an impact on growth of container-grown planting material. It was planted norway spruce, european beech and sessile oak on SLT (czech typology system) 5K and 5G. Spruce and beech was planted with five different types of seedlings and oak with three different types. The influence of root ball overlap during planting was also investigated. Measurements took place in 2016, 2017 and 2018. In particular, the following parameters were investigated: the length of the aerial part, the increment, the thickness of the root neck, the length and width of the assimilation organs, the vitality, number of roots rooted in the root ball and the losses. The results show that, the growth of the container-grown planting material is influenced by different biotechnology of seedlings and sites. Planted plants grew better at 5K than at 5G. Best for norway spruce was planting cutter biotechnique for both sites. Best for european beech was center hole planting biotechnique, eventually planting thorn biotechnique. Best for sessisle oak was center hole planting biotechnique. The root pack is better to overlap with a layer of soil during planting.
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Vliv biotechniky sadby krytokořenného sadebního materiálu smrku ztepilého a buku lesního na odrůstání kultur a vývin jejich kořenového systému v 7. lesním vegetačním stupni
Koudelík, Lukáš
The aim of the diploma thesis was to verify the influence of different seed plant biotechnics on the growth of cultures and development of the root system of the cryopreservation material of spruce and beech forest in the 7th forest vegetation stage. The monitoring was carried out at LS LČR Janovice on forest types 7P and 7K. As the main biotechnology for testing, the seedbed was planted, the seedbed was planted without and with overlay, the seedling was planted without overlapping and seeded with seedless forks without overlapping. The effect of the balloon overlay was also evaluated. To evaluate the influence of different plant biotechnology on the growth of the cultures and the development of the root system we mainly served the criteria of the height of the above-ground part, the thickness of the root neck, the size of the assimilation apparatus, the loss, the vitality, the development of the root system, etc. The best plant biotechnology was evaluated for the spruce spruce on the area 7P planting seedless pipe without overlap and on 7K area planted with seamless sowing. In the case of forest beech, 7P was evaluated as the best seedling without overlap and 7K seedbed without overlapping. The suitability of hole seedlings for both studied species and areas was confirmed. The effect of seedling on the deformation of the root system was confirmed.
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Klady a zápory užití krytokořenného sadebního materiálu
Kohout, Karel
The aim of bachelor thesis was to find out the positives and negatives of the use of containerized planting stock on different sites. For this evaluation, operational plantings were estabilished, that were planted with containerized planting stock. On the same sites, planting with the bare-rooted planting stock were evaluated. The following woody species were compared: Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karsten), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and European larch (Larix decidua Mill.). Each pair of plantings (with containerized and bare-rooted plants) has the same age and i tis on the same set of forest types (1K, 3B, 3S, 4B, 4S, 5K, 6S, 7K and 7P). It is evident from the achieved results that in 75% of the achieved results was better containerized planting stock.
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