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Possibilities of influencing blood pressure in spinal cord injury patients during verticalization
Věchetová, Tereza ; Schreier, Bronislav (advisor) ; Slabý, Kryštof (referee)
Orthostatic hypotension is a common problem for individuals with spinal cord lesions, especially in the acute period after spinal cord injury. The first part of this study deals with the theoretical analysis of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular control after spinal cord injury, the definition of orthostatic hypotension and its inclusion within the classification of the syncopal conditions. An important part of the theoretical part is the management of orthostatic hypotension, which brings non-pharmacological therapeutic approaches, and marginally pharmacology, to decrease the severity of this condition. The experimental part focuses on testing of a group of probands with spinal cord injury (11 quadriplegics) on two different types of tilt tables according to the same protocol. The first tilt table is a standard; the second one is Erigo, tilt table with integrated robotic mechanism, which moves the legs to simulate walking. The parameters, such as blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and the occurrence and severity of pre-synkopal symptoms, were compared. The study is based on the assumption that passive leg movement, which is mediated by the Erigo, will maintain venous return, cardiac output, and a significant drop in blood pressure and development of orthostatic hypotension,...
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Evaluation of results using different methods of experimental measuring of blood pressure amongst students of the First Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University
Sova, Jan ; Kymplová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Jirsa, Jan (referee)
During the projects from biophysics of freshman students of the Faculty of Medicine the pressure measurement is run by several different methods; palpation, auscultatory and digital method. Students are learning to record the measurement in a systematic way, and they are learning to compare the results of every method to each other. The measurement of systolic and diastolic pressure are dependent on each other of course, as well they are dependent on the set of biometric and other information that is well available in healthy students (sex, height, weight, physical strain etc.). The aim of the thesis is to compare the results acquired by the methods of measurement mentioned above, related to the accuracy of the scattering of the measurement and related to the anticipated standard values of healthy individuals. The basis of the thesis is going to be project and creation of the regression model for the levels of systolic/diastolic pressure measured out that is dependent on biometric data along with the testing of statistical importance of parametres through the procedure of multifactorial ANOVA for the repeated measurement. The result will aim to show both advantages and disadvantages of different methods of the pressure measurement during accordingly varying conditions of experiments. The thesis...
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Systemic arterial hypertension and strain
Sakaláš, Radovan ; Procházka, Miroslav (referee) ; Radvanský, Jiří (advisor)
Bachelor thesis "Systemic arterial hypertension and exercise" deals with hypertension and exercise. Physiology of the circulatory system, as well as blood pressure regulation and measurement is covered in the first section. The next section discusses definition, classification, and subtype classification. Furthermore, the thesis discusses pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension. The main part of the thesis covers exercise blood pressure reaction as a diagnostic tool for determining risk for future hypertension. Moreover, exercise and physical activity is described as a therapeutic tool in blood pressure reduction. This section compares and determines the intensity, frequency, and period of endurance and resistance training needed for an optimal blood pressure reduction. The final section is dedicated to the mechanisms of exercise effect on blood pressure. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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High normal pressure and hypertension of children and adolescents
KRÁLOVÁ, Kateřina
In children and adolescents, high normal blood pressure is often present. People with high normal blood pressure show a short time prerequisite to the formation of arterial hypertension. Hypertension occurs most often in children as asymptomatic. Increased blood pressure in children is most often discovered during preventive examinations by a general practitioner for children and adolescents. This thesis contains information about the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system, a blood pressure measurement sister, evaluation of blood pressure, high normal pressure, high blood pressure in children, the role of nurses in primary care pediatricians in the area of communication and education, and treatment of high normal pressure and hypertension. Objectives The first goal was to explore how children adhere regime measures for the prevention of high normal pressure and hypertension. It used this research question: How children adhere regime measures for the prevention of high normal pressure and hypertension? The second objective was to determine the role of nurses in the care of children with high normal pressure and hypertension. The second research question is: What is the role of the nurses in taking care of children with a normal high pressure and hypertension? Methods used In the research part of the thesis, we used the method of qualitative research, questioning method and technique-depth interviews. The interviews were recorded on a Dictaphone and then transcribed literally. Four sisters and three mothers did not wish to be recorded, so they were interviewed at polling literally written on paper. For research, two research files were created. The first sample consisted of six nurses, who were working in GP surgery for children and adolescents in the South Region. Second survey consisted of six people selected from among parents of children with high normal pressure and hypertension, also from South Bohemia. Results The transcribed interviews were investigated by open coding method, pencil and paper. Resulted in 9 categories: Cardiovascular disease, role of the nurse, pressure measurement, blood pressure, hypertension, pressure measurement, recommendation, Lifestyle, Leisure. Individual categories were assigned to subcategories, which are encoded core data. Conclusion The first research confirms nurses working in a pediatrician's office for children and adolescents, the most common cardiovascular disease in the general hypertension. They argue that the role of nurses in primary care pediatricians is properly measure blood pressure and make the education of children and parents in the area. The respondents concurred in the principles of how to properly measure blood pressure measurement are available for at least three cuff sizes. Informants have basic information about high normal pressure and hypertension, and said that, in the offices of primary care pediatricians to conduct checks blood pressure of preventive examinations or troubled child. Informants reported that blood pressure control and education on blood pressure occurs, but in the second research study showed that children and adolescents do not comply with the recommended recommendations in this area, perhaps because they are less motivated. Neither sister nor the parents have not mentioned, they would receive educational aids such as brochures and sample menus.The second research showed that parents most often found elevated blood pressure in primary care pediatricians, either for reasons of preventive examinations or difficulty a child. On the control measurements came at least three times. Respondents agreed on the recommendations they received in the office GPCY such as reducing the weight of the child, regular physical activity, restriction of salt and proper diet the child, but not all children and adolescents comply with these recommendations. The research results will be provided to the journal Pediatrics practice.
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Nursing procedures in taking blood pressure
SEDLÁKOVÁ, Tereza
By blood pressure is meant lateral pressure or the side pressure of a blood column on the side of a vessel. The pressure is created thanks to the action of heart as a blood pump. This pressure is not the same in different parts of the bloodstream. By the blood pressure is meant the arterial pressure or pressure in the artery, so the pressure in big blood vessels. The highest values are reached in the expulsion phase of the heart action, which is called systole. The lowest values are reached in the phase of filling heart chambers, which is called diastole. The sole nursing procedures required in the process of taking a blood pressure reading are many and all must be followed. This thesis is composed of a theoretical part and practical part. Introduction to the theoretical part is composed of the main terminology from the physiology of blood pressure. In the theoretical part we follow with division on hypotension and hypertension, which are the most common diseases related to blood pressure, with diagnosis and recommendation for treatment. This thesis also offers information about measuring blood pressure by the invasive and the non-invasive method. The theoretical part is focused on the importance of the nurse in the process of measuring blood pressure with emphasis on her knowledge and practical skills.
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The amount of salt in the diet received by selected adult individuals and the effect of this amount on blood pressure
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Tereza
The work deals with the issue of high salt intake in the diet and with health complications that are related - especially high blood pressure, hypertension. The aim of bachelor thesis was to describe the amount of salt in the the diet received by selected adult individuals and the effect of this amount on blood pressure. The work is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part the problem is defined. The practical part is focused on a qualitative research, which was conducted through monitoring and recording the collected data into created forms. The data collection technique was weighing of all ingredients in food preparation, measurement of the blood pressure of the respondents and laboratory analysis of urine per 24 hours. Evaluation of the data was performed using a program Nutriservis Profesional together with use of nutrition information pictured on the packaging of the food. The research group consists of five respondents, two men and three women. The results are presented in text form, summary tables and results from the laboratory. They indicate, that after averaging the resulting figures of salt intake for each day, no respondent complies with the recommended amount and with this fact corresponds even the BP. Three respondents have normal blood pressure (prehypertension), and two have optimal BP. As the most significant sources of salt were confirmed smoke meat products, bakery products and cheese.
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The problems of self-monitored blood pressure
HEVEROVÁ, Jiřina
Basic theoretical background: The hypertension is a disease in which the blood pressure 140/90 mm Hg, and these values are measured at at least two of the three measurements. Arterial hypertension is one of the most common limit disease with a high prevalence in the adult population in industrialized countries. Aims of the thesis: The aids od the thesis was as to determine whether patients adhere to the principle of self-monitoring of blood pressure using a pressure gauge in the upper arm at home. Furthermore, to determine the most common mistakes patients during self monitoring of blood pressure using a pressure gauge in the upper arm at home. These targets were established research questions: Do they adhere to treating patients with hypertension guidelines for the measurement of blood pressure gauge in the upper arm? Are the errors existing in the measurement of blood pressure gauge in the upper arm? The last research question was: What mistakes do occur, the measurement of TK (gauge in the upper arm) in the home environment for patients undergoing treatment with hypertension most often? Methodology: The empirical part of bachelor work was done using the qualitative research, which was chosen for the data collection technique using individual semi-structured interviews, supplemented by observation in patients with hypertension that home blood pressure measurement using the upper arm a tonometer. The data were collected in March 2014 with respondents, who were selected using the snowball technique. The interview included a pre-prepared questions. Answers of respondents have been recorded in the recording sheet and the recording equipment. The observation was made an observation sheet with the criteria and then created a table below describes the criteria for assessing organizations. The group consisted of 8 respondents. There are four men and four women. The respondents were familiar with the questions in advance and the actual interview was recorded in writing and the recording equipment. All respondents agreed with the observation that took place before the interview. Results: The research results show that more than half of the respondents do not comply with dietary measures (see diagram 2). Another category was focused on the use of medication. Five of the eight respondents taking medications regularly Most respondents answered o the question regarding the occurrence of adverse effects that they do not have side effects.Only two respondents have indicated adverse effects (see diagram 4). The startling finding was that only half of the respondents were aware of adverse effects. In the category of blood pressure measurements showed that all except for the respondent 1, other respondents carried out to measure its pressure in the morning and 1 respondent plus two others measurements performed in the evening (see diagram 6). Each of respondent was asked different frequency measurement, only a few of the respondents agreed (see diagram 5).This category contained three subsections in which we dealt as the position of the respondents have the measurement of your blood pressure (see diagram 7) instead of measuring blood pressure of the respondents (see diagram 8) and the distance from the elbow cuffs well (see diagram 9). In the last category were identified principles that respondents know for correct measurement of blood pressure (see diagram 10). Conclusion: Arterial hypertension is a very dangerous disease, it is important to have this disease, at least partially controlled by measuring the blood pressure. It is important that all hypertensives knew and adhered to the principles for measuring blood pressure.The result of this work is to evaluate the most common mistakes self-monitoring of blood pressure, hypertensive who have committed in home care.This output should be used to assess and prevent further errors in the measurement of blood pressure, for possible patient education nursing staff.
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Vliv složení piva na rychlost odbourávání alkoholu
Svobodová, Pavla
The thesis deals with the measurement of alcohol level and blood pressure after drinking two types of beer (lager and special beer) at regular intervals. The first part is literary search that provides general overview of the composition of beer and positive and negative effects of individual components of beer on human health. It also talks about influence of beer consumption on the cardiovascular system and the reproductive system of women. Readers can learn about trends of beer drinking in the Czech Republic and the USA. The practical part includes measuring of breath alcohol and blood pressure after drinking two kinds of beer, sensory analysis of tested samples and analysis of beer. The measurement includes 20 participants. The body composition of participants was analyzed on the InBody. We demonstrated slower degradation of alcohol (P > 0,05) in beer special. After drinking both kind of beer, we noticed a decrease in blood pressure (P > 0,05).
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Blood presure measurement in LabVIEW
Čermák, Marek ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Harabiš, Vratislav (advisor)
The aim of this work is to design and create a product for automated measurement of blood pressure by auscultatory method by using a computer. Thesis contains a description of the blood pressure, also there are explained ways of its monitoring, basic rules for its measurement and the methods by which it is possible to measure blood pressure. In the practical part is described measuring system serving to measuring blood pressure by auscultatory method using a computer. There is also shown a design and realization of microphone preamplifier. The work also includes a description of a computer program created in LabVIEW, which is used to measure by using a previously described system. In the end is evaluated the accuracy of the whole meter.
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Blood presure measurement in LabVIEW
Pelikán, Ondřej ; Štohanzlová, Petra (referee) ; Harabiš, Vratislav (advisor)
The main purpose of this semestral project is to design and realize a product that allows to acquire the Korotkoff’s sounds and measure blood pressure by using a computer. The paper gives a proposal of the preamplifier for acquisition of Korotkoff’s sounds, wiring of product and designed software for data acquisition. Document also contains theoretical informations about options of blood pressure measuring.
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