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Experimental infection of Oryctolagus cuniculus with fluke Fascioloides magna
Melounová, Klára ; Kašný, Martin (advisor) ; Novobilský, Adam (referee)
Fasioloides magna is a trematode parasitizing in the liver parenchyma of ruminants. Its life cycle is associated with the humid environment and includes intermediate freshwater snail hosts from family Lymnaeidae. According to the ability of host to form a certain type of a pseudocyst during fascioloidosis, they can be,divided in three groups, specific definitive hosts (red deers, fallow deers, roe deers), nonspecific definitive hosts (cattle, wild boars and elks) and atypical hosts (sheeps and goats). Beside the natural infections also the experimental infections of other potential host species has been realized (chamois, llama and bighorn sheep and traditional laboratory animals such as mice, guinea pigs, rats and rabbits). In the context of different diseases, many changes in infected organism can occur. These can be qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated. Similarly, during fascioloidosis the changes associated with the presence of the parasite in the host's body is possible to monitor, e.g. antibody production, increase in the number of eosinophils, release of eggs in faeces, internal bleeding, or the level liver damage. The liver damage is corresponding primarily to biochemical parameters of blood, not only the liver enzymes, but also other blood components, like blood proteins, lipids,...
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Blood count changes in chronic ill patients and their laboratory processing
VÁVROVÁ, Michala
In my bachelor´s thesis I deal with anaemia of chronic disease (ACD), which is the sekond most common anaemia after anaemia from iron deficiency and usually it accompanies chronic inflammatory, infectious or even autoimmune diseases. I describe anaemia in general terms, because it´s a very common disease, in the theoretical part. I also deal with disorders of iron metabolism and it is correct functioning in the organism, diagnosis, causes, treatment and new therapeutic approaches of ACD. I devote a particular attention to patients, who have anaemia of chronic kidney disease. It is one of the most common diseases, which anaemia accompanies and in the last decade it has been the subject of intense study. I devote to analysis data in the practical part. At first, I investigated the blood cell counts of 30 patients with ACD using the hematology analyzer CELL-DYN Ruby in the laboratory STAFILA, spol. s. r. o. České Budějovice for the period June 2016 to April 2017. Next I dealt with cell blood count with parameters: the number of erythrocytes (RBC), the amount of hemoglobin (HGB), a medium volume (MCV) and distribution width of erythrocytes (RDW), because they are associated with ACD. I observed that ACD is most found at the patients in the age group over 70 years, which included mostly women and according to the calculated average age of both sexes, the disease appears a little earlier at woman. Almost all patients had low levels of RBC and HGB. I´ve identified the severity of anaemia according to HGB levels. Most patients had mild anaemia and the least patients severe one. I observed according to the average values of Hb for each age category. I observed that the value of Hb decreases with increasing age. The majority of patients had according to the value of MCV normocytic anaemia and according to the value of RDW heterogeneous population of erythrocytes more occured more at the men. I compared my results with the studies and comfirmed that it really is ACD.
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Comparison of the effectiveness and efficiency of the four common anesthetic used in fisheries for burbot (Lota lota L.)
RŮŽEK, Martin
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of four anaesthetics on haematological and biochemical blood profiles in burbot (Lota lota L.). Both blood profiles of burbot were evaluated 10 min and 24 h after anaesthesia with MS-222 (100 mg.L-1), clove oil (33 mg.L-1), 2-phenoxyethanol (0.30 ml.L-1), Propiscin (1 ml.L-1) and were compared to non-anaesthetised control. The tested anaesthetics did not have any effect on haematological profile of burbot. The exposure to clove oil, 2-phenoxyethanol and Propiscin significantly influenced level of ammonia and glucose. The level of lactate was significantly increased following anaesthesia with 2-phenoxyethanol and Propiscin. The levels of total protein, aspartate aminotransferase and calcium were higher with clove oil, 2-phenoxyethanol and Propiscin compare to control. The use of MS-222 showed the smallest effect on haematological and biochemical blood profile and is recommended as a suitable anaesthetic for burbot.
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Influence of parameters of blood count in dependence on the amount of blood collected into tubes
MOUDRÁ, Pavla
Haematology is the branch of science engaged in the study of blood and its components - especially blood cells - red blood cells, white blood cells and blood platelets. In the core haematology examination - the blood count - not only their amount is evaluated but also the morphology. When blood taking, the right ratio of blood and anticoagulant must be kept, otherwise changes in blood count may occur. Laboratorians are bound to reject examination of incorrectly taken samples. Since it is difficult to take blood from some patient groups (children, elderly, obese patients, etc.), there is often put a pressure on laboratories from the staff to process also the incorrectly taken samples. The aim of this study is to state the level of impact of the incorrect blood taking, within the meaning of the blood - anticoagulant ratio, on the particular parameters of the blood count. The sample consisted of one hundred patients who were invited by their physician for blood tests to the Synlab Czech., s.r.o. company, U Tří lvů 4, České Budějovice in the period from December 2011 to June 2012. There were healthy and sick patients aged 10-77 years in the sample. All one hundred patients were taken within the same examination two test tubes with anticoagulant K2EDTA made by Becton Dickinson - BD Vacutainer. According to instructions, 2 ml of blood were taken into the first tube. Into the second tube, from the fifty patients only 0.5 ml of blood were taken, from the another fifty patients 3.5 ml. These samples were measured in the laboratory of Synlab Czech, s.r.o. company, U Tří lvů 10, České Budějovice using the Advia 120 analyzer made by Bayern HealthCare LLC, serial number IR28850224, installed in 2011. All 13 parameters issued by Synlab Czech, s.r.o. company on the result sheet as a blood count were analysed. The results from correctly and incorrectly taken samples were compared using a paired t-test. Hypothesis assumed that deviations will occur at both sampling errors for all thirteen blood count parameters at the significance level of 95%. This hypothesis was not confirmed, there were no deviations of statistical significance in all of thirteen parameters in any incorrectly taken samples. In the case of test tube where more blood than required was taken, there were no deviations of statistical significance in any of thirteen parameters. In the case of test tube where less blood than required was taken, there were deviations of statistical significance in six of eight measured parameters. A statistically significant increase occurred in the number of red blood cells (by 0.85%), haemoglobin amount (by 0.97%), haematocrit values (by 2.19%) and MCV (by 1.41%). The decrease occurred in MCHC values (by 1.23%) and platelet count (4.96%). The differential white blood cell count was statistically significantly different only in the monocyte value (reduction of 6.35%). Within examination of samples from tube where more blood than required was taken, there were no statistically significant deviations. Therefore, we may assume that such incorrectly taken samples could be used for blood count examination. When taking less blood than required, statistically significant deviations occur in almost half of the blood count parameters. The platelet reduction of 4.96% is clinically the most important. Nevertheless, we can say that even this value is probably not significant enough to not use the incorrectly taken sample in acute cases. If the conclusions of this study are confirmed by other studies, it could be possible to make health care more effective in cases where deviation is considered to be neither statistically nor clinically significant.
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Comparison of devices and microscopical assesment differential count of leukocytes
NETREFOVÁ, Veronika
This thesis deals with methods of determination of differential count of leukocytes and their positives and negatives. No wonder that nowadays modern haematology analyzers have been used for determination of differential count of leukocytes due to technical progress, however manual assesment by microscope keep still being a basic element of good work in a haematology laboratory. In the practical part I will describe single work procedures and these methods will be then compared according to the observed results. The Coulter LH 750 analyzer by Beckman Coulter Inc. based on the principle of electric impedance has been used in Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. for automatic assesment of differential count of leukocytes. In case of the microscopic assesment a blood film is made which is then stained by Pappenheim method with May - Grünwald and Giemsa - Romanovsky colours. Then I will try to suggest an optimization for current investigation of the complete blood picture.
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Life quality observation in people with anaemia
PŘIBYLOVÁ, Michaela
The content of my bachelor thesis of the topic Life quality observation in people with anaemia, concerns the disease description and further I dedicate to the comparison of anaemia diagnosed in a laboratory with patient's problems. On the basis of a questionairre completed by patients as well as the blood picture, I focus on the question whether the range of inconvenience in people with aneamia corresponds approximately to the seriousness of anaemia, whether this disease is influenced by age and other additional dieseases. Furthermore, I deal with the issue if nowadays, in a technologically oriented period, when the analysis of the blood picture nad other cell parametres are performed on advanced modern equipment, also blood smear microscopic examination may help in anaemia diagnosis. After the statistical evaluation of patients' questionairres, I can state what is the relation between the seriousness of anaemia and patient's clinical inconvenience. Thanks to the questionairre information I can then identify the factors which significantly influence this relation.
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Automated blood cell counting, errors and their prevention
BAZALOVÁ, Olga
One of the most commonly ordered clinical laboratory tests, a blood count, also called a complete blood count, is a basic evaluation of the cells suspended in the liquid part of the blood (plasma). Modern hematology depends on rapid and accurate determination of quantitative and qualitative blood counts. Fully automated analyzers have replaced the traditional blood smear in the routine laboratory, but the automated counting method is subject to a certain level of error. An appropriate procedure was defined, how to establish blood cell counting.
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