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Study of diversity of weed communities on the selected farm in Central Elbe Region
Procházková, Petra ; Kolářová, Michaela (advisor) ; Václav, Václav (referee)
The diploma thesis examines the species diversity of weed communities in selected farm in the middle Elbe. Evaluation of the site is ranked in the sugar beet growing region. Specifically, it was evaluated weed plots Agromaso Ltd. in the immediate vicinity of the town Brandys nad Labem-Stara Boleslav at an altitude of 169 m n. m. Rated the weed in conventional crop farming in winter wheat and oilseed rape.
Data collection was conducted in early March this year, before the spring herbicide treatment. Application of herbicides in cultures were performed in the fall. On each plot were evaluated with 5 random plots with an area of 1 m2 per headlands and 5 plots of the same area in the center stands.
The values obtained were sorted into tables and graphs. Multivariate analyzes were investigated differences in species composition in the center stand and on headlands. Furthermore, differences in species composition of weed communities of cereals and oilseeds. These analyzes confirmed the following hypothesis:
Hypothesis 1: weed species diversity at the edges and inside the land varies.
This hypothesis was confirmed by multivariate analyzes. Diversity on the edges of the land was higher than in the centers stands. On the edges of the land occurred more weeds than in centers of growth. The center crop of winter wheat were the only two species of weeds, while the edge 8 kinds of weeds. On land with oilseed rape situation was similar, margins land accounted for nine weed species and hunting center, only 7 weeds. This fact is confirmed by the Shannon - Wiener index of diversity.
Hypothesis 2: There are differences in species composition of weed communities of cereals and oilseeds (due to diversion from the original methodology was modified hypothesis).
The research confirmed the hypothesis 2, multivariate analysis demonstrated that the species composition of grain and oilseeds differ. Effect of composition on the crop species spectrum was found to be statistically significant. Types Elytrigia repens, Apera spica venti, Stellaria media were found only in the growth of winter wheat. The crop of winter oilseed rape occurred entirely different kinds of weeds, for example. Sinapis arvensis, Galium aparine, Euphorbia helioscopia, Erodium cicutarium.
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Study of diversity of weed communities in wide row crops in Podkrkonoší Region
Kocour, David ; Kolářová, Michaela (advisor) ; Václav, Václav (referee)
The main aim of the master's thesis was an assessment of weed communities in Podkrkonosi Region (the area underneath the Giant Mountains) (Pokrkonosi). The effect of the crop (maize, potatoes) and altitude with a particular focus on thermophilic weed specieshas been investigated.
The theoretical part outlines weed species referring to their significance, classification, harmfulness as well as benefits. The effect of climate changes, invasive plants, biodiversity and effect of temperature are discussed. Last part of the literary review is a brief description of model crops.
In the practical part of the thesis, soil and climate conditions of the locality are described. Furthermore, a term phytocoenology is introduced and the methodology of recording relevés and the data conversion are explained. Totally, 99 weed species out of 25 families were found (69 in maize, 85 in potatoes).
Chenopodium album agg., Echinochloa crus-galli and Fallopia convolvulus were the most frequent species in maize. The species with the highest cover were Fallopia convolvulus, Chenopodium album agg. and Echinochloa crus-galli.
Chenopodium album agg., Echinochloa crus-galli and Viola arvensis were the most frequent in potatoes. Chenopodium album agg., Fallopia convolvulus, Echinochloa crus-galli and Galinsoga quadriradiata can be classified as the weeds with the highest cover.
Euphorbia helioscopia and Sonchus arvensis were positively correlated with increasing altitude, while Amaranthus retroflexus, Solanum nigrum and Galinsoga quadriradiata were negatively correlated. Thlaspi arvense and Echinochloa crus-galli were characteristic species in maize, and Veronica persica, Galinsoga quadriradiata and Sonchus arvensis in potatoes.
It can be concluded that potatoes fields showed higher species richness than maize, especially in higher altitudes. Maize was characterized by narrow weed spectrum with few predominating species. The tested hypothesis was confirmed and a statistically significant effect of altitude on the occurrence of thermophilic weed species has been found.
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Agriculture in the Protected Landscape Area Šumava
POLENSKÝ, Jakub
Landuse for farming purposes is an indispensable part of management in specially protected areas although the process of farming has been importantly limited by restrictive arrangements, as agrotechnological terms which are caused by the needs of environmental protection. This diploma thesis deals with the impact of some limiting rules on running of the farms which are farming in convenction way, situated in the area CHKO Šumava. Field research was performed in the form of dialogs and was focused on detection of owner´s opinions concerning their relationship with CHKO authority, impact of agrotechnological terms on running of the farm and revealing of their future plans. Based on the analysis it is possible to say that all the farmers declare the cooperation with CHKO authority as definitely negative whereas the present payments for natural disadvantage compensation appears to be clearly positive and they cannot imagine future farming without them. Agrotechnological terms followed from specific regime of specially protected areas have been declared as minimally restrictive because the owners have adopted them the farm working.
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Změny v krajině ovlivněné různými způsoby hospodaření
Kříž, Michal
The thesis is focused on the changes in the landscape affected by different ways of farming.. It is divided into two parts. The first part concerns a literature review that focuses on two different (conventio-nal and ecological) farming methods. The second part concerns the practical methods. By a comparing method the pre-dominant way of farming was determined in Vysocina region. The thesis implies that conventional farming is still prevalent, but organic farming is on the rise.
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Business strategy of an agriculture enterprise located within the Protected Landscape Area Třeboňsko
HLAVNIČKA, Jiří
Landuse for farming purposes in specially protected areas could be characterised as a longterm process of seeking balance between the concerns of environmental protection and farming activities. This is also true for agriculture. Precautions to protect the environment mean certain limitiation, however, on the other hand, suitable forms of farming a large protected area can be supported by the state. Farmers can gain the government support not only for their own agricultural production but also to carry out various environmental task to maintain the landscape. This diploma thesis evaluates the use of governmental support in the protected area Třeboňsko. It analyses the structure of farms and agriculture companies, the system of farming activities, structure and development of farmland. According to the system of farming, it evaluates the use of financial support from the Ministry of Agriculture with the emphasis on the environmental protection and its improvement. It also finds out about the importance of the subsidies for the farmers. Based on the analyses that were carried out it is possible to say that all types of farming companies make use of the subsidy support from the Ministry of Agriculture. The farmers use the Programme for Rural Areas Development to permanently develop the country and improve the environmment. They use mainly the payments for natural disadvantage compensation and for agroenvironmental precautions. The subsidies often form a substantial source of the farming subjects' income.
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