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The role of plant root exudates for soil carbon sequestration
Bourdais, Lukáš ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Tylová, Edita (referee)
Global climate change is a process that affects us all today and will continue to affect us with increasing intensity in the future. An important way to reduce the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is the sequestration of carbon in pools other than the atmosphere, primarily in the soil pool. One way to achieve this is by increasing the carbon sequestration into the soil biomass using root exudates. Root exudates are released by plant roots into the soil to be beneficial to the plant and are also a good source of carbon for the rhizosphere (the soil in the immediate vicinity of the root system affected by its exudates). The rhizosphere is thus a suitable environment for microorganisms that play a major role in the soil carbon sequestration. In this thesis, I describe the composition and the role of root exudates for the plant, the importance of root border cells and border-like cells, the importance of exuded carbon coumpounds for microorganisms in the soil and their importance for carbon sequestration and CO2 mineralization in the soil. The role of root exudates and microorganisms in the soil carbon cycle is discussed with an emphasis on mineral-associated soil organic carbon and soil aggregates. This thesis also discusses the role of exudates for the rhizosphere priming effect and its...
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The importance of root exudates for crop cultivation under climate change
Schnürer, Oliver ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Tylová, Edita (referee)
Root exudates are compounds secreted by plant roots that can help plants, for example, to obtain nutrients from the soil or to increase their resistance to biotic stress. Root exudates can thus hide a great potential that can be used in agriculture. As human population grows, there is increasing pressure on agriculture, which must provide enough food to feed the global population, thus ensuring food security. Until now, agricultural activity has tried to satisfy this demand by intensification of agriculture, mainly by breeding highly productive crops when using intensive fertilizing, but the theoretical possible benefits of root exudates in breeding remained overlooked. Intensive farming practices can further exacerbate the impacts of ongoing climate change, for example by increasing soil carbon mineralization or reducing biodiversity. By using root exudates in the production of crops, it will be possible to achieve a higher nutrient content in soil, as well as a higher resistance of crops to pests, without the aforementioned negative impacts of intensive agriculture. In this work, I tried to describe the main functions of root exudates, their reaction to increased CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, their stress response caused by stressors of climate change and their theoretical use in...
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Lignite degradation in soil environment
Vybíralová, Natálie ; Salaš, Petr (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
This Master‘s thesis deals with the topic of coal and, more precisely South Moravian lignite. Lignite was degraded by using biological and chemical methods, which included oxidation of lignite with hydrogen peroxide. Special attention was paid to the degradation of lignite in the soil environment, where the simulation of natural fields conditions took place for 6 months. Furthermore, a simulation of root exudates was carried out using organic acids, which occur naturally in the soil environment and directly affect life in the soil and around the roots of the plant. Lignite degradation was also performed using a cultured bacterial solution and then using a commercially available horticultural products to increase the activity of soil microorganisms and promote growth.
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Importance of root exudates in plant-soil interactions
Horčičková, Veronika ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Janoušková, Martina (referee)
Plant roots are in constant contact with soil microorganisms and fungi, and they come in contact with soil fauna and the roots of other plants. All components of the soil biota communicate with each other. When it comes to plants it is often a chemical communication through root exudates, chemicals that plants release into the soil. Through root exudation, plants also affect the abiotic component of the soil, which helps them to obtain nutrients. The production of root exudates is important in attracting symbionts and beneficial organisms and, conversely, in repelling or killing pathogens and parasites. Thanks to root exudates, plants can recognize neighbouring plants, suppress the growth of competitors, or avoid competition with kin, and parasitic plants use root exudates as signals to find its host. By the action of root exudates, plants create their own community of microorganisms and fungi in the rhizosphere, adjust the availability of nutrients and thus actively change living conditions in the soil. This bachelor thesis focuses on plant interactions through root exudates and mentions the ways in which root exudation can be studied. The following diploma thesis will discuss the influence of root exudates of invasive plants on the native plant community.
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Vliv kořenových exudátů na dekompozici rozpuštěné organické hmoty v rašeliništi
ŽAMPACH, Ondřej
The aim of this thesis was to assess the effect of root exudates on the biodegradability of dissolved organic matter. The experiment was done in laboratory conditions, using the dissolved organic matter sampled in a spruce swamp forest located in Šumava National Park and an artificial mixture of root exudates prepared according to known composition of root exudates released by peatland plants. Main hypothesis was that the input of root exudates into the peatland pore water will affect decomposition of less-degradable dissolved organic matter, with the resulting effect dependent on the quantity and quality (C:N ratio) of the input.
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