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The Study of Intensification of the Constructed Treatment Wetland for the Village of Machová
Zedník, Ondřej ; Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
The village Machová (650 inhabitants) operates a combined sewage system which leads to a treatment wetland. This wastewater treatment plant faces similar problems like most of treatment wetlands from the turn of the last century - it has a low efficiency of the removal of ammonia nitrogen N-NH4 + which causes a negative impact on the watercourses and the environment. The study deals with the technical modification of the operating line which would eliminate the abovementioned problems and solves the sludge treatment in treatment plant. Population growth in the village connected with the construction of sanitary sewer will cause high concentrations of pollution in the inflow. The proposed modification uses the latest scientific knowledge and proven technologies which were created by the Institute of Landscape Water Management. These technologies will secure the low effluent concentrations of monitored parameters not only today but also in case the population of the village will grow.
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Comparison of mechanical and biological wastewater treatment plants in terms of financial costs and environmental impact
Winkler, Ondřej ; Výskala, Miloslav (referee) ; Aigel, Petr (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyse and compare the operating costs and quality of water discharged at mechanical-biological and root wastewater treatment plants. In the first part, the bachelor thesis deals with theoretical knowledge in the field of wastewater treatment. There is legislation related to WWTPs, types, quantities, and transport of wastewater, it also describes the process and technology of water treatment and, finally, the management of waste generated during treatment and its treatment. The following chapters are devoted to economic indicators of wastewater treatment plants as well as pollution indicators. This part forms the transition between the theoretical and practical part of the bachelor thesis. We will learn here what are the costs of operating the treatment plant and how these costs will be reflected in the calculation of sewerage. We will also learn here which pollution indicators are measured as part of the quality of wastewater discharged from the WWTP. In the following part, the bachelor's thesis deals with the analysis and comparison of the already mentioned costs of operation and quality of discharged water at different types of wastewater treatment plants. The analysis was performed at four root and six mechanical-biological wastewater treatment plants in a total of four districts. The conclusion of the bachelor thesis belongs to the global comparison within the Czech Republic and the evaluation of the goals of the bachelor thesis.
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Design parameters of filtration materials for small constructed wetlands
Fialová, Tereza ; Rozkošný,, Miloš (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
Constructed wetlands and the soil filters are water treatment devices using the filter material that in most cases consists of natural river gravel, coarse sand or crushed stone. This thesis deals with the research of unconventional filtration materials, or more precisely with examination of their ability to be used as an alternative medium that can ensure better cleaning effect. For the research work following metallurgical industry materials were used: slag, waste from cipres filter, waste from the molding mixture, waste from large blasters and small blasters, sand filter material ČEZ, the coarse crushed slag 8-16 mm and as the last alternative medium ground coffee beans. Both the hydraulic and the chemical aspect of all above mentioned materials were tested (except of the last mentioned). The examined hydraulic parameters are particularly porosity, hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, particle density, chemical composition and concentration of chemical extracts. By evaluating the results of the measurements it is determined which materials are suitable to be applied in the constructed wetlands and the soil filters. In future the testing will continue under real operating conditions in the constructed wetland, where particular column filtration units (selected according to results of previous measurement) will treat real sewage water.
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Hydraulic optimization of horizontal sand catcher
Kulička, Rostislav ; Šálek,, Jan (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
This work is focused on the development control system flow area in a standardized horizontal sand trap in the Czech Republic used the majority of constructed wetlands for the capture of solid mineral particles. The goal is the development and validation functions of the flow regulator, providing more uniform process of establishment of mineral particles, respectively. reduction of sedimentation of organic components. The actual design precedes the mathematical description through the HEC-RAS, the results are applied in the design of a laboratory model. Work processes theoretically the standardized sand traps, focuses on the comparison of the required residence time of wastewater in the sedimentation area of establishment with the sedimentation time of sand grain on the selected diameter of 0.8 mm. In laboratory conditions were carried out build sand trap model itself, as well as developed a regulatory element. After resolving structural measurements were taken and compared the results with the ideal state. For putting the controller into practice, when an application is planned at the constructed wetlands in Dražovice village, it will have to the most accurate setting of the regulator.
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The Study of Vertical Filter with Vegetation for Village Bezděčí u Trnávky
Kacetlová, Klára ; Přecechtěl, Karel (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor thesis follows up modern vertical flow constructed wetland for wastewater treatment for Bezděčí u Trnávky village in the Czech republic. This village has 250 habitants. Technology of construted wetlands is alternative method of wastewater treatment. There are a lot of problems with this technology in the Czech republic. These problems are results from wrong design or improper operation. It causes insufficient cleaning efficiency. The worst cleaning efficiency is in removing ammonia nitrogen. To right functioning of constructed wetland is necessary change the approach to design of the constructed wetland. The thesis is based on results of the right designed constructed wetland in Dražovice village and on working technology in Austria as well. All thesis is devided into two parts. The first part consists of literature research, which summarises basic knowledge related to constructed wetland of wastewater treatment. The second part includes two options of designing constructed wetland. The first one consists of two wastewater treatment elements and the second one includes three elements. The main aim of this technology is not only to eliminate the required pollution by decree law, but also to remove nitrogen and phosphorus. The wastewater sludge treatment is based on innovated reed-bed system with wetland vegetation.
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The Research on Regeneration of the Filter Material, used in the Soil Filters and Constructed Wetlands
Burešová, Hana ; Rozkošný,, Miloš (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
The thesis consists of two basic parts. The first research part creates an introduction to the root zone wastewater treatment plants. It contains mainly causes of filter environment colmation and its theoretical solution methods, which are further solved in the laboratory. The master’s thesis attempts to find a simple way, which would in future be possible to evaluate the rate of sedimentation of the sludge material, which causes filtration environment colmation. Results of developed methodology will be used in practice by washing colmated filtration material, respectively colmatant separation in sedimentation tank. The thesis focuses to verify the possibility flocculation and mineralization of sludge, which adheres to the surface of the filtration material. The solution lies in the observation of sedimentation rate (after previous dilution) using by the turbidimetric method, based on the beam-column passage through muddy water. The results show that it is not critical ambient temperature, but the time effect of natural mineralization in combination with moisture (dry matter concentration, the amount of water). The present thesis evaluates the possibilities and application method, leading to the natural regeneration of the filtration material exposed to natural climatic conditions.
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The study of realization of the constructed treatment wetland for Jankovice village
Ujházy, Adriana ; Mrvová, Michaela (referee) ; Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with a study of the constructed wetland in the village Jankovice (Holesov), where they has not had a treatment plant yet. The first part of bachelor thesis is focused on informations and research studies, introducing to problems of constructed wetlands. In this part the the principles of technology are explained and the individual treatment stages in wetland are described. The second part of thesis describes the design study of the wastewater treatment plant in Jankovice u Holesova. It includes information about the village and a proposal of the individual treatment processes. The design study assumes two variants of the constructed treatment wetland location, at the end is recommended one of them. According to the current standard, the individual technological stages of wetland are pre-designed, financial costs are also estimated. The whole solution is drawn in the situation and completed by a height technical drawing. The aim of this thesis is to propose a properly functioning root waste water treatment plant for the municipality of up to 500 PE.
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Reconstruction of storm water overflow for constructed wetlands
Herman, Matej ; Hyánková,, Eva (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
The thesis of my bachelor work is the design of a new control system of through-flow area in the existing storm water overflow channel, which is used in current constructed wetland, located in Drážovice village and which does not fulfill flow conditions. The target of the work is to design and verify the function of the controller which ensures decreasing of the flows, or reduction of the water level height in case of overflow during raining. Prior to the design, there had been made mathematical and graphic descriptions with using of the Excel and AutoCad and the results are applied for the laboratory model. The thesis consists of the theoretical analysis of the current status and the new solution design. The main point is based on the control of the water level in overflow channel with flexible diameter from 0.3 m till 0.2m. The construction of the existing storm water overflow channel was done in laboratory conditions, as well as the new designed controlled device. After built-up of the model, there have been made measurings and following corrections to reach the ideal status. For using of this controller in constructed wetland in Dražovice, there will be also needed very precise set up of this device for its everyday usage.
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Cleaning effect of unconventional filtration materials
Fialová, Tereza ; Hynánková,, Eva (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
Constructed wetlands and the soil filters are water treatment devices using the filter material that in most cases consists of natural river gravel, coarse sand or crushed stone. Master´s thesis deals with the research of cleaning effect of unconventional filtration materials, or more precisely with examination to load real waste water in a filtration column, to prove their ability to be used as an alternative medium that can ensure better cleaning effect. For the research work following metallurgical industry materials were used: fine slag and coarse slag 8-16 mm, materials from the natural character: zeolite, keramzit, a plastic material: PUR-foam. Also the traditional materials of fine gravel and coarse gravel were tested to compare the cleaning efficiency. Both the hydraulic and the cleaning efficiency of all above mentioned materials were tested. The examined hydraulic parameters are particularly porosity, hydraulic conductivity and suspended solids, turbidity and oxidation-reduction potential of both the inflow and outflow of the filter columns were determined. Accredited laboratory set the inflow and outflow of the filter columns BOD5, CODCr, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia and dissolved oxygen. By evaluating the results of the measurements it is determined which materials are suitable to be applied in the constructed wetlands and the soil filters. This filtration column was modeled by program HYDRUS and the result was compared with real results.
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Municipal house in Suchonice
Přidal, Petr ; Sukop, Lukáš (referee) ; Ostrý, Milan (advisor)
The task of the Master's thesis was the development of a design of a terraced near-zero energy civil amenities building for the building permit. The building is located on a gap site on a brownfield site in Suchonice. The building has two interconnected parts. The first part has two stories and a pitched roof. It includes club rooms, two separate apartments, a pub, and utility rooms. The second part has a single story with extensive green flat roof. It includes a hall for cultural events and technical spaces (WC, utility room, HVAC). The first part of the thesis includes architectural and structural designs of the building. The entire building is based on concrete strip foundations. The load-bearing walls and non-load-bearing walls are designed from ceramic blocks. The floor structures are designed from prefabricated reinforced concrete panels. The second part addresses the design of selected building services. The building is ventilated by an HVAC system with heat recovery. Space heating is provided by air-water heat pumps in split configuration (indoor and outdoor unit). Photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors are designed on the roof of the building. In the project is the design of artificial lighting. Rainwater will be stored in accumulation tanks and used for flushing toilets. Domestic wastewater is treated using a root wastewater treatment plant, on the property a constructed wetland. The final section focuses on the design of a treatment wetland. This study introduces basic information and types of wastewater treatment using wetlands. The concept includes the design of a treatment wetland, along with necessary calculations. The outcome is the selection of the most suitable treatment wetland for a specific facility and the design of this constructed wetland.
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