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Vliv ošetření osiva superabsorbčním polymerem na vzcházení, růst a výnos plodiny
Lokaj, Lukáš
The thesis deals with the use of a superabsorbent polymer, specifically seed coated with this polymer and the evaluation of emergence, growth and yield of the crop. One part of the experiment was carried out in the laboratory, namely plant germination, while the second part was carried out under field conditions on the land of the School Farm at the site of Žabčice in the years 2020–2022. The effects of SAP seed treatment on germina-tion, emergence and crop yield were monitored. Four experimental treatments were evalu-ated for wheat, barley, maize and rape, namely seed untreated, seed treated with SAP, seed picled and seed picled and treated with SAP. SAP treated seed germinated faster for all crops. For wheat variety Luana and maize variety Celong, SAP increased yield by al-most 0.5 t/ha, and for rape by 0.7 t/ha. Barley and maize variety Alombo were negatively affected by SAP.
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Studying the regulation of expression of genes involved in barley malting quality
Hoffmannová, Viktorie ; Svobodová, Leona (advisor) ; Lipavská, Helena (referee)
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a grain cultivated as an agricultural crop across many varying climatic areas of the world. It is mainly used for its feed and brewing industry properties. This work will focus on studying the malting process on a molecular level, which mainly includes the genes for degradative enzymes of storage proteins, starch and compounds of endosperm cell walls. We shall observe how all these components interact during malting and other processes of brewing beer. It is known that malting quality parameters are tied to several genes, whose expression is regulated. These regulatory pathways will also be included in this work.
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The effect of temperature on plant growth: teaching protocols of model experiments
Máhrlová, Zuzana ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Mourek, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on the creation of model tasks (by means of an experiment) for the study of biology at secondary schools and concerns the effects of temperature on plant growth. The selected tasks utilize the new didactic approach by means of the so called inquiry based education. This method of teaching contributes to the development of individual deduction reasoning and encourages the students to actively think about the subject matter. The thesis provides the necessary theoretical background for the topic together with the description of methods and material needed for the conducting the experiments. Furthermore, the thesis describes the necessary instructions and procedures to conduct the experiment and its use in the secondary school teaching practice and presents the requisite methodical guidelines and worksheets for them. Simultaneously, the thesis verifies the didactic applicability of the experiment and the worked out materials through a questionnaire survey and monitored application of the model tasks at secondary schools. The main result of this diploma thesis is a modern, functional and verified method of teaching for high school about the effects of temperature on plant growth in accordance with modern approaches to education, which include own experiments, their...
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The effect of soil successional development in spoil heap on plant germination and growth
Pavlíčková, Hana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Previous field research show, that late successional species correspond with soil development, especially with organomineral A horizon developing. Aim of my thesis was to compare plant growth on different types of soil from spoil heaps. They were taken from three chronosequencies of different age - nonrecultivated and soils recultivated with planting of alder (Alnus) and spruce (Picea). In my research were used 7 types of plants - Arrhenatherum elatius, Centaureae jacea, Festuca rubra, Lychnis flos-cuculi, Lotus corniculatus, Plantago major, Trifolium medium. Spontaneous sites support more species than reclaimed ones this difference increase with plot age without distinct difference between early and late succession species. Key words Succession, recultivation, germination alder (Alnus), spruce (Picea), Arrhenatherum, Centaureae, Festuca, Lychnis, Lotus, Plantago, Trifolium.
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Mechanisms that control physiological seed dormancy
Řezková, Natálie ; Ponert, Jan (advisor) ; Vosolsobě, Stanislav (referee)
Physiological dormancy is an important developmental trait ensuring that seed does not germinate when the environmental factors are appropriate only temporary. The transition from seed dormancy to germination is regulated by a large number of factors and the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role. Enhanced response to ABA and its biosynthesis is a key mechanism in dormancy induction and maintenance. ABA interacts antagonistically with gibberellins (GAs). Therefore GA biosynthesis and ABA catabolism are positive germination regulators. However, other phytohormones are also involved in the regulation of dormancy and germination. The most studied is ethylene which supports germination similarly to GA. Numerous factors affect dormancy at molecular level, namely chromatin remodeling, gene products that function only in dormancy regulation [e.g. DELAY OF GERMINATION 1 (DOG1)] or gene products that mediate seed response to environmental factors. The dormancy, its induction, depth and release, is driven not only by environmental conditions affecting mature seeds, but also by conditions acting during seed maturation in a maternal plant when the primary dormancy is induced. Requirements for dormancy release and germination induction may vary considerably between species. The physiological...
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Působení odlišných podmínek prostředí na klíčení semen plevelů
Pospěch, Lukáš
This work deals with the influence of different environmental conditions on the germination of weed seeds of Polygonum aviculare L. In the first experiment the seeds were exposed to different germination temperatures. The temperature optimum was found at 20 ° C. Germination level was 88 % at this temperature. The effect of exposing seeds for a certa-in period to a freezing was monitored in the second experiment. The effect of freezing was least apparent in seeds exposed to freezing for ten days, when the greatest germination was 87.5%. The total average seed germination of the second experiment was higher by 36.09% than in the first experiment. The results are evaluated in the statistics program and proces-sed in the graph.
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Posttranslační modifikace proteinů a jejich role v klíčení rostlin
Berka, Miroslav
Protein posttranslational modification represents a complex extension of proteome diversity and provides a transcription-independent control of cellular processes. This thesis "Protein posttranslational modifications and their role in seed germination" briefly reviews major posttranslational modifications, highlights the role of protein phosphorylation in plant regulatory circuits, and summarises enrichment techniques that are employed in phosphoproteomics. The experimental part describes the development and optimisation of methods that can be utilised in a monitoring of protein posttranslational modifications during barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seed germination, including a tissue fractionation, proteome equalisation and peptide fractionation techniques. Finally, these methods were employed in an analysis of hydrogen peroxide effect on seed germination. In total, over 1,400 proteins were identified in individual fractions, quantitative profiles were established for more than 881 (~60%) and the validated differentially abundant proteins could indicate a potential mechanism behind the peroxide stimulatory effect. Peptides that would correspond to the identified seed phosphoproteins were mostly inaccessible in this experiment and would require optimised targeted analysis.
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Možnosti obohacení pekařských výrobků luštěninovými moukami
Lisá, Andrea
The bachelor thesis engages legumes in general, from their cultivation to their final processing. I focused on analysis of the chemical composition of the legume seeds and on the effect of the antinutritional factors on the contained nutrients. I worked in more detail on the use of the legumes for flour, on its use in bakery and on its influence on the resulting bakery products. Legume flours increase in the bakery products content of proteins, lipids, fiber and minerals and they decrease content of carbohydrates and gluten. They increase absorption of water and the development time of the dough. The stability of the dough is affected negatively. The stability is also prolongated by adding 10% of chickpea flour. Lentil flour increases water absorption and the development time of the dough since the addition of 50 % of flour. Final bakery products are less cambered, with the characteristic darker colour of the crust and with the characteristic taste. Legume flours are also often added into the dough of the cookies. Soya flour is even added into the donut dough to reduce the absorption of the fats during frying.
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