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Vztah ketolátek a vybraných krevních parametrů u vysokoprodukčních dojnic
KOLBOVÁ, Martina
The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to evaluate the connection between ketones in milk and selected blood parameters in high-yielding dairy cows. Ketones are important metabolic markers that may indicate negative energy balance and possible ketosis in dairy cows. Blood and milk samples were collected from high-yielding dairy cows over a period of three months (September to November) at the Chyšná farm operated by Agropodnik Košetice a.s.. For the indentification of ketosis, BHB and acetone ketones in milk.
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Ketózy u dojného skotu, jejich léčba a profylaxe
Hronová, Julie
Ketosis is considered the most common and economically very important metabolic disease in high producing dairy cows. At the onset of lactation, the energy metabolism of dairy cows is disturbed and they enter into a negative energy balance. The main symptom of ketosis is an increased concentration of ketone bodies in urine, milk and blood. Ketone bodies are composed of acetone, acetoacetic acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid, which is the highest in relation to ketone body composition. Clinical signs of ketosis are characterized by weight loss, decreased performance, impaired reproductive performance and the possibility of other metabolic diseases. Prevention is very important to avoid the development of ketosis and the large economic losses resulting from this disease. The basic preventive measure is proper nutritional management in the pre- and postnatal period.
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Vyhodnocení efektu zavedení bolusu Kexxtone do bachoru dojnic na jejich výkonnost a zdravotní stav po otelení
LHOTA, Jiří
The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate the effect of the application of monensin in the form of intraruminal bolus Kexxtone before calving of cows on reproduction, performance and health status in the following lactation. Monitoring took place in the agricultural enterprise ZD Velká Chyška. Monitoring took place from the beginning of August 2022 to mid-March 2023. A total of 118 dairy cows were included in the monitoring. Approximately 3 weeks before birth, a bolus of Kexxtone was administered with body condition scoring, and at the postpartum check around day 7 after birth, blood was drawn from the subcaudal vein, also with body condition scoring. The following data were included in the monitored indicators: age at the 1st calving, order of the evaluated lactation, number of days during bolus administration before calving, BCS before calving, BCS after calving, lactation day at the examination, BHB value in blood, lactation day at the 1st heat , lactation day at the 2nd heat, lactation day at the 1st insemination, total number of inseminations, service period, lactation day at the 1st disease, number of diseases, lactation day at the peak of lactation, daily milk yield at the peak of lactation and milk yield in 100 days of lactation, lactation day on the control day, daily milk yield, % fat, % protein and ratio of fat and protein content in milk in the first 5 control days. Monitored indicators were sorted according to the order of lactation, bolus administration, BCS before calving, blood BHB level and the ratio of fat and protein content at the 1st and 2nd performance checks. In the group of cows that received a Kexxtone bolus, there was no positive effect on reproductive indicators, as their values were almost identical to the control group without bolus. The effect was not manifested even with the earlier occurrence of the 1st heat after calving. In cows that were given a bolus, a lower level of BHB was found in the blood after parturition, a different ratio of fat and protein content in milk was not found in the first controls after calving compared to the control, and a lower incidence of disease was recorded. Cows with bolus had a higher milk yield in the first 100 days of lactation by 142 kg of milk.
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Výskyt ketóz ve vybraném chovu dojených krav v letech 2020-2022
ŠTĚCHOVÁ, Petra
Ketosis is a disorder of energy metabolism characterised by reduced milk yield, inappetence and weight loss. Ketosis also affects milk composition. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the incidence of ketosis in a selected dairy cow herd. The incidence of ketosis was evaluated in lactating Holstein cows over a period of three years (2020-2022) in the dairy farm in Žákava. Ketosis was detected on the basis of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) content in the blood of the cows using the FreeStyle Optium NEO device. A BHB value of 1.0 mmol/l or higher was considered as an individual affected by ketosis. A total of 1740 dairy cows were included in the study. Ketosis ocurred at a relatively stable level of 20 %. There were fluctuations in the frequency of ketosis across seasons, as well as fluctuations in the average blood BHB content. The effect of the treatment procedure and the effect of prevention on the incidence of ketosis were also investigated. The treatment success rate was 80.41 % for the study period. Treatment with monopropylene glycol and prodigestane was largely successful. Intravenous glucose administration had a slightly lower success rate. Preventive measures had a positive effect on both the frequency of ketosis and the average blood BHB content. In addition, the presence of ketones bodies in milk, the relation of ketone bodies in blood to ketone bodies in milk and the effect of elevated blood BHB on milk composition were determined according to performance monitoring protocols. Both acetone and BHB contents were increased in milk from sick cows. The levels of ketone bodies in milk are positively correlated with the level of BHB in blood. Increased blood BHB content results in a change of content of individual milk components. The highest difference was found in the fat content, an increase of 4,89 %. Further, the citric acid content increased with the BHB content of the blood and the protein, lactose, non-fat dry matter and urea content decrease.
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The level of energy metabolism of dairy cows and the composition of milk fat
KAUTSKÁ, Jitka
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the levels of energy metabolizm of high-yielding dairy cows and the amount of milk fat. Furthermore, the proportion and content of fatty acids in milk fat. The effect of antiketogenic prophylaxis of the monenzin-containing preparation was also evaluated, and the metabolic parameters were evaluated at the same time. The experiment took place in the breeding of high-yield dairy cows of the Holstein breed in the company Agropodnik Košetice a.s. s The average milk yield in breeding was 11,553 kg of milk in the observed period. The highest acid content was recorded in the first month of lactation and their content gradually decreased. Likewise, they had the highest proportion of short-chain saturated fatty acids (SAFA). The application of monenzin has a proven incidence of subclinical ketoses, both in first-calves and in cows for second and subsequent lactation. The reduction of ß- hydroxybutyric acid in blood and milk confirms the importance of the antiketogenic prophylaxis used.
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Hodnocení výživy a metabolismu dojnic na základě výsledků vyšetření bazénových a individuálních vzorků mléka
Dubová, Kateřina
The thesis objective was to evaluate the results of bulk milk samples and individual milk samples taken during the performance control of dairy cows over one year, correlation analysis of mutual relationships between milk examined parameters and correlation analysis of milk composition and the temperature values. Next objective was to compare results of performance control between first-calvers and the dairy cows on the second and higher lactation and also use of results of milk samples to determine dairy cow health problems. The evaluation of nutrition and metabolism from bulk milk samples and the individual milk samples for the period from 4/2016 to 3/2017 was conducted in the ZD Dušejov. There are 480 dairy cows of Holstein at present. Comparison of bulk and individual milk samples results revealed the most important difference in the number of somatic cells (12 %) and urea (18 %). The differences are minimal for the other parameters. Based on the statistical comparison of individual samples, the first-calvers lower milk yield (17.2 %), than the cows on the second and higher lactation (P < 0.001), was found. In the early stages of lactation of first-calvers, there were recorded lower milk fat and higher lactose concentrations. The fact that the first-calvers have a healthier mammary gland shows the difference (P < 0.001) in the number of somatic cells. From the correlation of components of individual milk samples the closest relationship between the fat and the lactose/fat ratio (r = 0.95) and the relationship of citric acid to acetone (r = 0.76) was found. The most significant negative correlation was found between the milk yield and the day of lactation (r = -0.65) and milk fat (r = -0.57). Monitoring showed that the temperature affected the fat, protein (r = -0.88) and lactose concentration (r = -0.80). By the temperature rises, the risk of ketoses increases. This is confirmed by the results of relationship between the temperature and acetone and bethahydroxybutyrate concentrations (r = 0.87 and 0.85). Based on the use of fat/protein ratio as a suitable indicator of the effect of nutrition on the metabolism, it has been found that nearly half of the herd is threatened by the rumen acidosis. The rising risk of acidosis increases the number of mastitis treatments (r = 0.72; P < 0,01) and the incidence of inflamation the hoof (r = 0.45), which isn 't conclusive for low number of variables. Ketosis, according to the results of individual samples, is risk for average of 5 % of the herd. The positive correlation between the occurrence of placental retention and ketosis (r = 0.82; P < 0.01), was found.
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Vliv tělesné kondice dojnic na hladinu ketolátek v krvi
BEŇASOVÁ, Veronika
The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the data about holstein dairy cow body condition at calving and to review its effect on ketones blood level and its relation to incidence of ketosis. The monitoring took place in a selected dairy farm from October 2017 to February 2019. Body condition of 280 cows was evaluated on the day of calving by assessing the body condition score (BCS) and later on 10 days in milk the blood level of B-hydroxybutyrate was measured. Furthermore, parity, body weight in calving day, body weight on 10 days in milk, content of milk fat and protein on 10 days in milk and milk yield on 10 days in milk were monitored. Average BCS of the herd was 3,7, the maximum measured BCS value was 5, the minimum was 2. Total incidence of ketosis on herd level was 21,07 % considering ketosis if BHB 1,0 mmol.l-1. 62,7 % of that was a subclinical form of ketosis while the remaining 37,3 % was the clinical form of ketosis. Correlation analysis of the relation between parity and level of BHB in blood showed positive correlation (r=0,15, p=0,00), when cows on higher lactation had higher level of blood BHB. Positive correlation between fat/protein ratio in milk and level of BHB in blood was evaluated by correlation analysis (r=0,31 , p=0,00). The BCS at calving and BHB level on 10 days in milk showed positive correlation (r=0,14 , p=0,02). As far as negative energy balance is taken into account, the positive correlation between BCS at calving and body weight loss was confirmed (r=0,17 , p=0,00). The fact that heavier cows and cows with higher BCS mobilise more body fat reserves was confirmed by positive correlation between the body weight at calving and the body weight loss (r=0,47, p=0,00) and between the body weight at calving and the fat/protein ratio in milk (r=0,27, p=0,00). Body weight at calving had provable positive impact on the milk yield (r=0,19, p=0,00).
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Ketolátky a volné mastné kyseliny v mléce vysokoužitkových krav
NOVÁ, Hana
The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the occurrence of ketones and free fatty acids in milk of high-yielding cows. Ketosis is a very common metabolic disorder in dairy cows resulting in reduced milk production, fertility disturbance and more frequent occurrences of other diseases. Ketosis is not only a serious health problem, but also an economic problem, that can be avoided by balancing the feeding dose respecting the physiological needs of energy delivery after birth and at the beginning of lactation of high-yielding cows. The monitoring was carried out in 2016 at Chyšná, which is one of the centers of Agribusiness Košetice a.s. Owerall were 1407 cows monitored during the 6 utility tests (from January to June 2016). The occurrence of subclinical ketoses was defined by the content of ketones in milk (acetone and beta-hydroxybutyric acid). Critical was the period of the first 12 days of lactation, when the occurence of subclinical ketoses was the highest, the occurence of this disease was lower than in other breeds. At Chyšná breeding, the low incidence of subclinical ketoses is mainly influenced by zootechnical work and by working with the feed consultant and the company for the production of compound feeds. As a precautionary process, regular feed analysis and examination of free fatty acids and ketones in milk can be recommended.
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The incidence of postpartum diseases - ketosis, acidosis, depending on which condition and structure of the of rations in transition
Bubnová, Zuzana ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Jiří, Jiří (referee)
This thesis formed on the observation of the influence of body condition score (BCS) before calving on the prevalence of ketosis after calving and the structure of mixed ration on prevalence of rumen acidosis in production herd.
This thesis was made on the farm AGROBOS Ltd. in Slatina where 165 cows are raised. 25 cows and 10 heifers were assessed in dry period and whole herd of dairy cows in the production hall was monitored for performance (PM).
Body condition score of cows and heifers was assessed in the period before calving on a five point scale with resolution of 0.25 points. Blood samples were taken from them from the base of the tail after calving. The concentration of betahydroxybutyrate (BHB) was monitored in blood at first to fourth days after calving using FreeStyle Optimum NEO. The structure of mixed ration in the production hall was evaluated using Penn State separator. The fat protein ratio from the PM system MOOML was observed and evaluated for incidence of chronic rumen acidosis.
The measured values of BHB, the structure of the diet and the fat - protein ratio values were compared with the recommended values. As a criterium for a healthy state, the BHB concentration of 1.4 mmol / l was selected. The rumen acidosis limit for the fat protein ratio was set at 1.1. A lower fat protein ration was designated as ruminal acidosis. The suggested ration amounts for cows have been adjusted based on a grain mixture which was separately administered to dairy farms by the milking robot.
Ketosis was detected in 83 % of cows on the second or higher lactation of which 9.5 % had higher condition before calving, so 3.75 point or higher. All evaluated heifers suffered ketosis after calving and 70 % had elevated condition before calving.
The structure of the mixed ration had the highest deviations in proportions of large particles on upper sieve of separator. Up to 50 % of the particles for a mesh size of 19 mm were found.
The average fat protein ratio was 1.12 in the whole herd. Cows, which was measured for BHB and subsequently monitored in performance during first lactation, had in the first period the average proportion of fat - protein ratio of 1.09, suggesting that the heifers on average suffered from ruminal acidosis in early lactation. Cows at second and higher lactation had in the first month of performance the average ratio of fat and protein of 1.17.
Measured values: BCS and BHB; F/P and structure of mixed ration were statistically evaluated using correlation. But we have not confirmed of dependence on one production illness.
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