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Evaluation of the clover growing system on farms and suggestions for improvement
WEINER, Vlastimil
The bachelor thesis is aimed at describing the system of clover cultivation, which is important for agriculture in the form of improving soil fertility and as a low-cost source of feed. The thesis mainly describes the meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). In the first part, the importance of clover cultivation, its characteristics, morphological description and the method of forage conservation are described. Furthermore, the sowing machines suitable for sowing clover and the soil preparation before planting are presented. In the second part, the work focuses on the meadow clover stands (Bonus and Garant varieties) managed by MIRABO a.s. in the Pilsen region. During the year, both the method and date of establishment of the stands and the agrotechnique chosen for the overgrowing stands were monitored. The density of plants per 1 m2, health and yield of individual stands were monitored. All stands were destined for forage harvesting and were subsequently ensiled in silage troughs and silage bags. Subsequently, measures to improve the meadow clover cropping system on this farm were suggested from the data.
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The analysis of growing of legumes in selected farm and recommendations for it´s improvement
KASÍK, Jakub
The bachelor thesis deals with the cultivation of the main clover crops in the Czech Republic, which are alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.). In the first part of the thesis, the importance, characteristics, environmental requirements, agrotechnical measures and forage quality of these clovers are presented. The advantage of alfalfa is its hardiness and drought tolerance; it is still more damaged by waterlogging than by drought. In contrast, meadow clover has lower heat requirements and is better able to tolerate temporary waterlogging than a lack of moisture. Because of its slow initial growth, clover is often established in cover crops to compensate for forage yield in the year of establishment while suppressing weeds. The most suitable cover crop appears to be pea tendrils or a mixture with other crops, but in practice cereals are most commonly used. The second part focuses on the actual monitoring and evaluation of forage stands of meadow clover and alfalfa sown within the Zemědělské družstvo Čížová farming in the South Bohemian Region (potato-growing area). The method of establishment, number of plants per 1 m2 and yield of newly established stands of meadow clover were monitored in the operational plots. Meadow clover and alfalfa stands sown in the first crop year were also evaluated. Alfalfa had the highest dry matter yield (8.8 t ha-1), while clover had a slightly lower yield (8.2 t ha-1). The cover crop accounted for 60 % of the total dry matter yield of the established clover stands. It was found that at a stand density of 170 plants for alfalfa and 160 plants for clover, there should be no weeds in the stand.
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Výskyt škůdců a jejich antagonistů v konvenčním a ekologickém zemědělství
Malec, Josef
The aim of this thesis was to find out which pests and their antagonists occur in crop growth in conventional and organic farming. The occurrence of pests and their antagonists was investigated in 2018 in the stands of red clover (Trifolium pratense) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) in conventional and ecological land management systems near Ruda u Velké Meziříčí. The trapping methods used were skidding and glue boards. A total of 16,131 individuals were trapped (15951 insects, 180 spiders), 7359 (45.6 %) were trapped using glue boards, 8772 (54.3 %) were skidded. At glue boards was no significant difference in the number of trapped individuals depending on the color of the glued boards. At wheat stands were trapped 5853 (36.3 %) individuals (3143 in conventional cultivation, 2710 in ecological), at red clower stands were trapped 10278 (63.7 %), (3979 in conventional cultivation, 6299 in ecological). In total were trapped 12824 of pests, 4982 in wheat stands (2717 in conventional cultivation, 2265 in ecological), in red clover stands 7842 (2965 in conventional cultivation, 4877 in ecological). In total were trapped 1323 of antagonists, 377 in the wheat stands (151 in conventional cultivation, 226 in ecological), 946 in red clover (325 in conventional cultivation, 621 in ecological). In wheat stands were the most effective bioregulators Braconidae, Coccinellidae and Syrphidae, the most harmful insect were Oulema sp. and Thysanoptera. The most effective bioregulators in red clover stands are Coccinellidae, the most important pests are the genus Protapion.
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Ekonomické srovnání semenářské produkce jetelovin a obilnin
Doležalová, Šárka
The topic of this bachelor thesis is Economic comparison of seed production of clovers and grains in selected company. The theoretical part summarizes the history of clover seedlings in the Czech Republic and the current situation in the field of clover seedlings. The current situation describes the development and current state of seed production of clovers in terms of size, cultivated species and yields. Furthermore, the situation in the Czech Republic and the situation abroad are evaluated. The thesis describes the technology of growing red clover, which belongs to our most important forage crops. Then, the benefits that clover cultivation brings to the enterprise include, for example, the use of red clover as forage because of mineral content and protein, soil fertility. The practical part is devoted to calculations of economic efficiency of clover and grains from the data of the selected company. The SWOT analysis summarizes the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of growing clover.
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Vliv aditiv na kvalitu siláží vyrobených z biomasy leguminóz
Peichl, Josef
The aim of this work was the evaluation of experimental silages of alfalfa cress and samples of red clover silages. The first mowings were evaluated, which took place at the turn of May and June. Experimental silages and samples were analysed for infusion and nutrient indicators. The nutrient content in experimental silages of alfalfa cress ranged: 300 – 319 g/kg, crude protein 304 – 319 g/kg of dry weight, fibre 308 – 329 g/kg of dry weight, and the values for infusions were: lactic acid 1,88 – 2,61 %, acetic acid 0,68 – 1,40 % and pH 4,48 – 5,04. Experimental silages of alfalfa cress were evaluated as very high quality. For samples taken from silages of red clover, the nutrient content was: dry weight 229 – 388 g/kg, crude protein 139 – 225 g/kg of dry weight, fibre 195 – 278 g/kg and the values for infusions were: lactic acid 1,87 – 3,45 %, acetic acid 0,57 – 1,30 % and pH 4,21 – 4,71. Red clover silages taken from two farms were rated as very high quality, except the sample in which the content contained low dry weight. Silages with low dry weight represent a risk factor during silaging.
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Vliv aditiv na kvalitu a zdravotní bezpečnost siláží jetelovin
Florianová, Viola
The aim of this diploma thesis was to compare quality of protein silages made of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) (there were used two varieties Holyna and Tereza) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) (tetraploid variety Amos and diploid variety Spurt) ensiled with low dry matter content 16–20 %. Experimental parcels were founded in 2013. Plots of lucerne were harvested for three following years, plots of red clover were harvested for two following years. Green feed was ensiled into laboratory microsilos directly after harvesting. The silage quality was compared within species and variety and within different silage additives. There were analyzed contents of organic nutrients, digestibility in green material and organic nutrients, digestibility, quality of silage extracts, losses and amount of silage effluents in silages. Silages made of red clover had significantly (p <0,05) lower pH, ammonia content, content of butyric acid and proteolysis level compared to lucerne silages. Amos variety had also significantly higher content of lactic acid compared to both lucerne silages. The effect of chemical silage additive on silage quality was significant. Silages treated with chemical additive had significantly lower (p <0,05) pH, ammonia content, content of acetic acid, ethanol and level of proteolysis compared to untreated variant and variant treated with biological additive.
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Evaluation of legume cover foundation and state in operating areas
TUPÁ, Kateřina
The diploma thesis deals in the first part with the importance and the characteristics of the most famous and the most cultivated clover crops in our country. Clover crops distinctly increase yield of fodder crops and production in temporary and permanent grasslands with a low fertilizer requirement. The production of high-quality bulky feed on the arable land and on permanent grasslands leads to a higher nutrients concentration for high-performance animals. The second part of this thesis is focused on the own monitoring of the Hare's-foot clover, where operating areas was chosen in the South Bohemian region. On operating areas, which were 1-year, 2-years, 3-years old, there was studied the manner of planting, the quantity of plants and stems per 1 m2 and the yield of fodder crops of one of the most important clovers cultivated in the Czech Republic were determined by a numerical method. In conclusion, the methods of regulation of yield of fodder crops and quality of crop production take into account agrotechnical and technological procedures, cultivated crops and, last but not least, agricultural machines affect the quality and condition of the growths. Because fodder is important not only for good forage, but also for non-production functions, environmental protection, landscape creation, revitalization and species diversity.
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Zhodnocení rozdílů v aktuálním zaplevelení vybraných polních plodin
Miškařík, Petr
The aim of the study was to determine the actual weed infestation of crops in two ag-ricultural-production companies with different conditions for growing plants. Evalution was carried out counting methods. The results of the weed infestation evaluation were processed with the DCA analysis. The canonical corespondence analysis showed that, were found: Capsella bursa-pastoris in the crop Trifolium pretense a Zea mays, in the crop Triticum aestivum, Capsella bursa-pastoris in the crop Hordeum vulgare a Galium aparine in the crop Secale cereale
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Detekce a identifikace virů pomocí sekvenování nové generace (NGS)
PODRÁBSKÁ, Kateřina
Next generation sequencing is a modern method applied in plant virology for sensitive detection of previously characterized and novel pathogens without any preceding knowledge of them. In this study three novel and two already described viruses were detected by de novo assembly of Illumina single-end reads ( Hi-Seq 2500 system) from total poly(A) enriched RNA of diseased red clover (Trifolium pratense) and indicator plant (Nicotiana occidentalis 37B). The complete genomic sequence of novel Red clover carlavirus A (RCCA) was determined from Illumina reads, 5´, 3´ RACE, cloning, RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. The presence of RCCV was also confirmed in mechanically inoculated tobacco plant.
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Porovnání vytrvalosti a produktivity vybraných odrůd jetele lučního
Bendiková, Simona
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is one of the most important forage crop in the Czech Republic used for production of fresh or preserved fodder. It is grown in pure stands and also in different types of mixtures whith other legumes and grasses. It provides symbiotic nitrogen fixation and helps to significantly increase production of forage eithout the need of high fertilizers use. Today there are placed high demands on new varieties of red clover which has to produce high yields of dry matter with good forage quality, obtain increased resistance to pest and diseases and have also improved persistence. Persistence and yield of varieties of red clover was tested during four growing seasons in the Forage research station in Vatín. In 2011 was sown 15 varieties of red clover and one wild ecotype in mixture with Timothy Grass (Phleum pratense L.) and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Hudson). Proportion of red clover was 70 % (14 kg of seeds.ha-1), Timothy Grass 20 % (6 kg of seeds.ha-1) and Festuca pratensis Hudson 10 % (4 kg of seeds.ha-1). In every harvest year three cuts were harvested per year from which samples to assess dry matter content were taken. The highest yield of dry fodder in the third production year (2014) was reached by diploid variety Dafila (16 t.ha-1), this variety was followed by tetraploid variety Astur (15,7 t.ha-1), diploid varieties Milvus (15,4 t.ha-1), Lestris (13,7 t.ha-1) and Start (13,5 t.ha-1). Significantly lowest yield of forage was harvested at the diploid variety AberRuby (7,4 t.ha-1). Evaluation of persistence index revealed that the most persistent was Swiss tetraploid variety Astur, followed by diploid varieties Milvus, Dafila, Elara and Start. The worst results showed British AberRuby variety.
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