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The mutual influence of Romani, Spanish and the other languages of the Iberian Peninsula.
Krinková, Zuzana ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Elšík, Viktor (referee) ; Buzek, Ivo (referee)
The language contact of the inflectional Romani and Spanish, Catalan and other languages of the Iberian Peninsula began in the first half of the 15th century. A long- term and immediate contact between Romani and a language of the majority in several places of Europe resulted in emergence of so called Para-Romani varieties, mixed languages which predominantly make use of the grammar of the surrounding language, whereas the Romani-derived vocabulary is at least partly retained. In the Iberian Peninsula several Para-Romani varieties emerged. The process of their phonological, morphological and lexical evolution from the inflectional Iberian Romani is described in the first part of this thesis. The original form of the Iberian Romani of the 15th century was - according to our opinion - similar to so called early Romani of the Byzantine period that is supposed to end by the 14th century when the Romani language started to disperse throughout Europe. The influence of Spanish (and other languages of the Iberian Peninsula) is evident not only in the morphology and syntax, but also in phonology and semantics of the Iberian Para-Romani varieties. On the other hand, the Romani elements conserved in these varieties show archaic features as well as specific innovations and many of them can hardly be assigned...
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Grammatical description and analysis of intrasentential codeswitching between Dutch and English
Rezková, Iva ; Pekelder, Jan (advisor) ; Nortier, Jacomine (referee) ; Vismans, Roel (referee)
in English This dissertation deals with one form of language contact in today's Dutch: the 'intrasentential codeswitching' between Dutch and English. The term 'intrasentential codeswitching' refers to such a bilingual situation in which the two languages have unequal roles: the so called matrix language (here: Dutch) determines the grammatical structure of codeswitching, and the so called embedded language (here: English) provides elements of various length which are inserted/embedded into the matrix frame. The definition of codeswitching which sees the phenomenon as a kind of insertion is based on Myers-Scotton's theories (1992, 2001, 2005) introduced in Matrix Language Frame Model (MLF-model). It is a structural model based on neuro- and psycho-linguistic research of language formation. The outcome of the research is a formulation of a set of grammatical hypotheses and principals which explain the codeswitching structure and which the author declares to be universally applicable to all language pairs. In this research, the Dutch-English codeswitching has been examined from a grammatical point of view. The research material consists of a written corpus, which contains 430 examples of Dutch-English mixed sentences. First of all, a morphological and syntactical analysis of the corpus has been...
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Lexical borrowings from French into Italian - a diachronic view
KONEČNÁ, Lucie
The diachronic view what was the development of French loan words in the Italian language is the main subject of this thesis and it´s focused on all French loan words in the Italian language with first occurrences documented from the 12th century to the beginning of the 20th century. The thesis is divided in two parts. The firts one is comprised of the theoretical introduction to the language contact that results in the possibility of language enriching by foreign language material that loan words should also be. The next chapter deals with the comprehensive overview of all French loan words from their first documented occurrances in the Italian language to the beginning of the 20th century. All the chapter is focused on the information providing the language contact between both languages, French and Italian one. In the second part, there are analysis of limited number of loan words because of high total sum of all occurrences so the final number of analised loan words is reduced and delimited by the 19th century. All these selected French loan words are analyzed according to various criterions that are for example the classification in word classes or the classification of adaptation. Finally, the occurences of selected loan words are analysed in detail comparing occurrances extracted from two different Italian corpuses. To outline a diachronic perspective on the language contact between the French and Italian language since teh first loan words documented in the Italian language to the beginning of the 20th century is the aim of this thesis. The other aim is to confirm the theoretical assumption that completely adapted lexical loan words predominate what is given by the character of the analysed sample, all done on the basis on detailed analysis.
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