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The Path Home
Hauser, Filip ; Lang, Dominik (referee) ; Ambrůz, Jan (advisor)
The central idea of this project named “My way home” (the project’s name was inspired by Karel Václav Rais’s poem of the same name) is the work with the memory of a landscape. The project concerns a 700-metre-long area which is part of what used to be a road near Stráž nad Nežárkou. First of all, I try to return the road its original purpose. Also, I try to find out its historic foundation. Finally, I try to return the road its integrity. The road used to go from the village of Dvorce to the now cancelled Gabler’s mill (house number 98) in Stráž nad Nežárkou. The Diploma also includes an observation of the changes of the landscape near the village. The Diploma itself consists of three phases: The road, apple trees, The object.
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Hybridization of crab apple with domestic apple trees
Portl, Jiří ; Fér, Tomáš (advisor) ; Prančl, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis summarizes known information about hybridization (anthropohybridization) crab apple with orchard apple. Next it follows up mainly genetic and morphometric methods that haven't been used in the hybridization studies yet. Crab apple (Malus sylvestris) is the only one wild species in Malus genus in Europe. However in the last few decades these populations are endangered by orchard apple (Malus ×domestica), that originates from central Asia. It often outspreads into the free nature and thereby closer to wild apple plants, that leads to easier hybridization of these two woods. This process leads up to decreasing number of genetically pure crab apple individuals and also to slow hybrid plants expansion. This trend, which was called anthropohybridization, can be observed also in the Prunus genus, where there hybridizes wild species European dwarf cherry Prunus fruticosa with tart cherry Prunus cerasus. Recent studies though refers to following genetic aspects of Malus domestica, namely formation by triple hybridisation. Several locations of crab apple were observed and analysed in Europe in the last few years for study of anthropohybridization degree with Malus ×domestica. There were observed hybrid plants in common with genetically pure Malus sylvestris. Key words: crab apple,...
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Staré a moderní odrůdy ovoce v drobném pěstitelství v mikroregionu Bojkovsko
Miškářová, Zuzana
The aim of this work is to identify range and importance of minor cultivation of fruit in the microregion Bojkovsko. This microregion icludes municipalities of Bojkovice, Bojkovice Bzová, Přečkovice, Krhov, Pitín, Rokytnice, Šanov, Komňa, Lopeník, Rudice, Žítková, Nezdenice, Záhorovice, Šumice and Vápenice. Theoretical part of work is focused on gathering information on the history of fruit cultivation in the microregion and the Czech Republic as a whole. Another focus is on the description old and current species of pear trees, apple trees, plums and cherries. These are grown mainly in described miroregion. The empirical part states analysis of species composition and its evaluation for given area to identify the most economical and environmental friendly solution. The results shows that the current trends are to return to old species except plum trees.
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Studium výskytu dříve pěstovaných a krajových odrůd ovocných dřevin na Kroměřížsku
Posolda, Martin
In 2009 to 2013 evidence of old and regional varieties of apple and pear trees were organized in selected municipalities in the southwest of Kromeriz region. The area is characterized by the occurrence of a large number of quality previously cultivated varieties which indicates rich fruit growing history. However, interest in their use has recently considerably dropped. Altogether 840 fruit trees were registred, including 700 apple trees in 104 varieties and 140 pear trees in 38 varieties. For the area as a truly local variety was found apple tree 'Kysňačka' and some local varieties of pear trees. Trees were evaluated in terms of varietal authenticity, health and fruit quality. The best selected clones intended for saving the gene pool were recorded in to the maps for possibility of obtaining the propagation material. The qualities of native apple cultivar juices characteristic of the monitored area were compared too. High levels of antioxidant properties characterize cider varieties 'Strymka' and 'Panenske ceske´. Today, they can be used not only for direct consumption or in food industry, but also as a potential material for further breeding and selection. Moreover, they can be used for extensive growing, as parts of orchards, alleys, windbreaks, green spots and solitary plants. They are impressive landscape elements and important parts of landscape ecosystems. During the studies there were designed and realised two gene pool orchards.
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Detekce fytoplazmy Candidatus Phytoplasma mali metodou dřevinných indikátorů
Blahová, Kamila
A subject of the diploma thesis was the optimization of a procedure of detecting a phytoplasma Candidatus Phytoplasma mali using woody indicator Golden Delicious in greenhouse conditions as an alternative method to the phytoplasma presence testing by biological indexing in field conditions. To control the presence of phytoplasma in the experimental plants, molecular method of real-time PCR was used. The experiment was set up on the demonstration area of the Department of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Plants in the grounds of Mendel University in Brno. Three different ways of transferring of the phytoplasma infection were compared: method of parallel grafting of the tested variety and of the indicator on the seedling in the period of dormancy (method number 1), method of summer budding of the tested variety on indicator grafted on the seedling in the period of dormancy (method number 2), and method of double summer budding of the indicator and of the tested variety on the seedling (method number 3). On a woody indicator Golden Delicious, varieties Virgin Czech, Canadian rennet, Gascoigne, Ribston and Boskoop were tested, 10 plants of each variety. The experiment lasted 10 months. A total of 150 tested plants were assessed by a visual inspection of the symptoms presence. During the monitoring period, none of the tested plants showed typical symptoms of the apple proliferation. Presence of the Candidatus Phytoplasma mali was verified using real-time PCR method in 60 tested (indicator) plants. The infection was confirmed in 12 of the indicator plants. The detected quantities of the phytoplasma in the tissues however reached very low values. The highest number of the infected plants was found in tests of the Gascoigne variety, established by the method of double summer budding of the indicator and of the tested variety on the seedling (method number 3). This method provided the most successful inoculation of the indicator by the phytoplasma. Based on the results obtained during the presented study, it can be declared that biological testing of the phytoplasma presence using short-term greenhouse tests is not reliable. When using testing with the indicator ´Golden Delicious´, it is recommended to realize the experiments for at least two growing seasons, as it is in the field tests. Due to the fact that during the time-limited realization period of the experiment in this study it was found that the phytoplasma was not sufficiently propagated, the final results of the comparison of the indicator plants inoculation methods will be available at the end of autumn of 2017.
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Hybridization of crab apple with domestic apple trees
Portl, Jiří ; Fér, Tomáš (advisor) ; Prančl, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis summarizes known information about hybridization (anthropohybridization) crab apple with orchard apple. Next it follows up mainly genetic and morphometric methods that haven't been used in the hybridization studies yet. Crab apple (Malus sylvestris) is the only one wild species in Malus genus in Europe. However in the last few decades these populations are endangered by orchard apple (Malus ×domestica), that originates from central Asia. It often outspreads into the free nature and thereby closer to wild apple plants, that leads to easier hybridization of these two woods. This process leads up to decreasing number of genetically pure crab apple individuals and also to slow hybrid plants expansion. This trend, which was called anthropohybridization, can be observed also in the Prunus genus, where there hybridizes wild species European dwarf cherry Prunus fruticosa with tart cherry Prunus cerasus. Recent studies though refers to following genetic aspects of Malus domestica, namely formation by triple hybridisation. Several locations of crab apple were observed and analysed in Europe in the last few years for study of anthropohybridization degree with Malus ×domestica. There were observed hybrid plants in common with genetically pure Malus sylvestris. Key words: crab apple,...
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The energetic use possibilities of wood from apple tree pruning and some other
Usťak, Sergej ; Šinko, Jan ; Honzík, Roman
The objective of this methodology is to provide to farmers, agricultural consultants, manufacturers of shaped solid biofuels, operators of boilers using biofuels, workers in research and agricultural education, and to all others interested persons in growing and processing agricultural biomass as a renewable source of raw materials and energy, the basic information about the energetic use of wood from apple tree pruning and some other fruit woods. Applying of this methodology in practice can provide environmentally acceptable and economically effective use of such wood waste. At the introduction, this work provides a basic overview of literary information on relevant issues. Furthermore, the methodology describes own outcomes obtained during the research project usable in practice and provides chemical, energetic and economic evaluation. At the conclusion is presented a summary assessment of the achieved outcomes and a general recommendation for practice.
Fulltext:  PDF
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Šlechtitelský potenciál historických odrůd jádrovin
Reichlová, Petra
Modern varieties of pome-fruit lost during breeding some important properties, such as resistance to pathogens or tolerance to worse climatic conditions. Therefore, attention of breeders turns to some old varieties and landraces, which lost its market significance, but which can still offer a wide range of properties useful in breeding of new varieties. The apple breeding aims are focused on locating and obtaining donors of genes for resistance to Venturia inaequalis (causingapple scab), Podosphaera leucotricha (powdery mildew), Erwinia amylovora (fire blight) and Candidatus Phytoplasma mali (apple proliferation). Pear breedingis focused on finding a suitable donors of resistance to Venturia pirina (pear scab), Gymnosporangium sabinae (pear rust), Erwinia amylovora (fire blight). Landraces (local varieties) were often grown under the severe climatic conditions. Over the years they get their adaptability for the environment conditions. Adaptation to these conditions, especially resistance to frost, are one of the characteristics used in breeding.
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