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Hmyzí škůdci ovocných dřevin v sadech postižených tornádem
Mančíková, Radka
Observations of insect pests were carried out in 2022 and 2023 on domestic apple trees in two orchards in the Hodonín region, in Lužice, in an orchard affected by a tornado, and in Prušánky. During the observation of overwintering stages of pests, a total of 6 159 individuals from two orders, four families, were recorded in 2022. The most abundant family was Diaspididae (5 922 individuals), followed by Tetranychidae (151 individuals), Psyllidae (63 individuals), and Aphididae (22 individuals). In 2023, there was a significant decline in the abundance of representatives of all families. On average, the abundance of pests was higher in the experimental plot in Prušánky. Two species – Aphis pomi and Eriosoma lanigerum – were recorded during aphid observations during the growing season. A total of 733 colonies were recorded, the species distribution was roughly the same in both plots. The apple trees damaged by the tornado had the lowest number of aphid individuals. Using a pheromone trap for Cydia pomonella, its occurrence was confirmed in both experimental plots. The observation period was from 1 May to 31 August, and two peaks of occurrence were recorded during this period. With beating, total of 331 individuals, 7 insect species from 5 families, were recorded during the period from 22 August to 25 September. The most abundant species was the apple sawfly (Hoplocampa testudinea) (80 individuals).
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Hybridization of crab apple with domestic apple trees
Portl, Jiří ; Fér, Tomáš (advisor) ; Prančl, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis summarizes known information about hybridization (anthropohybridization) crab apple with orchard apple. Next it follows up mainly genetic and morphometric methods that haven't been used in the hybridization studies yet. Crab apple (Malus sylvestris) is the only one wild species in Malus genus in Europe. However in the last few decades these populations are endangered by orchard apple (Malus ×domestica), that originates from central Asia. It often outspreads into the free nature and thereby closer to wild apple plants, that leads to easier hybridization of these two woods. This process leads up to decreasing number of genetically pure crab apple individuals and also to slow hybrid plants expansion. This trend, which was called anthropohybridization, can be observed also in the Prunus genus, where there hybridizes wild species European dwarf cherry Prunus fruticosa with tart cherry Prunus cerasus. Recent studies though refers to following genetic aspects of Malus domestica, namely formation by triple hybridisation. Several locations of crab apple were observed and analysed in Europe in the last few years for study of anthropohybridization degree with Malus ×domestica. There were observed hybrid plants in common with genetically pure Malus sylvestris. Key words: crab apple,...
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Škůdci jabloně v okrajové části Drahanské vrchoviny
Popelková, Eliška
Bachelor thesis is aimed at pests occurring in apple-trees in marginal part of Drahanská vrchovina. Apple-tree pests research was conducted by pheromone traps in village named Dzbel at Drahanská vrchovina in season 2018. In thesis I dealt with four species, Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus 1758), Pandemis heparana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus, 1758) and Euproctis chrysorrhoea (Linnaeus, 1758). From monitored species the most abundant was Cydia pomonella in number of 86 individuals which were captured in pheromone trap for him and 117 individuals which were captured in pheromone trap for Euproctis chrysorrhoea. Males by Lymantria dispar were captured during the season in number of 11 and male by Euproctis chrysorrhoea was captured just one. Pandemis heparana did not appear in the garden. Not only targeted species were captured, but also nontargeted species, seven of which were Noctua fimbriata (Linnaeus 1758) and were captured in trap for Euproctis chrysorrhoea. Also, three species were found, from each only one. In trap for Euproctis chrysorrhoea were caught Oligia strigilis (Linnaeus 1758), for Lymantria dispar were Lymantria monacha (Linnaeus 1758) and for Cydia pomonella was caught Pasiphila rectangulata (Linnaeus 1758).
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Hybridization of crab apple with domestic apple trees
Portl, Jiří ; Fér, Tomáš (advisor) ; Prančl, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis summarizes known information about hybridization (anthropohybridization) crab apple with orchard apple. Next it follows up mainly genetic and morphometric methods that haven't been used in the hybridization studies yet. Crab apple (Malus sylvestris) is the only one wild species in Malus genus in Europe. However in the last few decades these populations are endangered by orchard apple (Malus ×domestica), that originates from central Asia. It often outspreads into the free nature and thereby closer to wild apple plants, that leads to easier hybridization of these two woods. This process leads up to decreasing number of genetically pure crab apple individuals and also to slow hybrid plants expansion. This trend, which was called anthropohybridization, can be observed also in the Prunus genus, where there hybridizes wild species European dwarf cherry Prunus fruticosa with tart cherry Prunus cerasus. Recent studies though refers to following genetic aspects of Malus domestica, namely formation by triple hybridisation. Several locations of crab apple were observed and analysed in Europe in the last few years for study of anthropohybridization degree with Malus ×domestica. There were observed hybrid plants in common with genetically pure Malus sylvestris. Key words: crab apple,...
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