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Activity of the radiographer at the emergency department.
PIŠTĚKOVÁ, Martina
A patient with urgent condition which threatens his life or health requires special approach of a radiology assistant to executed diagnostic performances. In this bachelor thesis, I describe procedures in case of these conditions. Because the given topic is quite extensive, I preferred a detailed description of the most serious conditions. I chose the topic because of its timeliness. The number of patients with urgent condition has an upward character for sure because of accelerated life pace and related traumas as well as diseases of civilization. My work describes three researches. The first one finds out the share of different investigations in the radiodiagnostic department as regards patients with urgent condition per one year in one hospital. The second one is related to the refresher courses of radiology assistants in relation to patients with urgent condition. The third one investigates algorithms of investigations in the radiodiagnostic department in different medical facilities. The bachelor thesis is divided into a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part explains the term "urgent condition" and basic description of the approach to a patient in the given situation. I mention brief principles of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. I analyse individual modalities used in the radiodiagnostic department. Other subchapters are focused on the description of concrete conditions and sequence of investigations. The practical part begins with the chapter called "Targets, Hypothesis". It is concentrated on the description of the main role of my work which is discovery of radiology assistants´ approach to patients with urgent condition and the situation in education of radiology assistants in the Czech Republic. Some parts compare the condition with the situation in other countries of the European Union. The chapter called "Discussion" is devoted to the general evaluation of researches. It mentions also the important role of radiology assistants when treating patients with urgent condition. The "Conclusion" evaluates meeting of targets of this thesis and outlines possible solutions.
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Development of the mammographic screening in the Czech Republic
KREJČÍ, Klára
Nowadays the most common cancer among women in the Czech Republic is represented by malignant tumour in breast. The nationwide mammographic screening programme was officially introduced in the Czech Republic in September 2002 and it is based on regular and preventive mammographic screening to women in order to detect early any neoplastic disease even in cases when women do not have any symptoms or difficulties. The main aim of the mammographic screening is to confirm or to disprove malignancy and if the malignancy is detected then to make sure that it is in the earliest stage. The thesis focuses on the development of the mammographic screening in the Czech Republic but it also pursue the number of mammographic screenings to number of recording of carcinoma no matter whether it is about the whole number of recorded carcinoma or the number of carcinoma in terms of mammographic screening and also in number of private patience. The first aim of the thesis was to find out which doctor often sends their patients to mammographic screening whether it is a general practitioner of a gynaecologist. These data were found out from the Mammographic screening Centre in Havlíčkův Brod. The second aim was to analyse the most frequent reason of patients, who requested the screening themselves. To collect the data it was done by a questionnaire method which answered sixty women. Thirty of them answered it in a clinic Medipoint Ltd and other thirty of them in the Mammographic screening Centre Havlíčkův Brod. The questionnaire was done by women younger than 40 years old who were tested for the ultrasound screening as by women over 40 years old who were tested for the mammographic screening. The information filled in this questionnaire included the date, the region they are from, age, and the reason why they came privately for the mammographic or ultraviolet screening. The hypothesis, that the number of mammographic screening requested by private patients is increasing, was confirmed due to the collected data from the Mammographic screening Centre in Havlíčkův Brod. As a result from the research we can see that since 2002, when the mammographic screening programme began nationwide, has been an enormous progress in the mammographic screening in the Czech Republic. Nowadays more women request to be tested for the mammographic screening in spite of the rising incidence of the cancer the mortality remains stable. This proves that this mammographic screening programme has a positive effect on the prevention of this illness.
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Diagnosis of breast diseases with a refference to special mammographic projections and interventional breast procedures
BOHÁČOVÁ, Markéta
Breast cancer is considered to be the most frequent women malign disease. The task of Screening Centres is to find breast cancer in its initial stage, when its treatment is more effective. In my research, I aimed at the use of special projections and interventional procedures in breast cancer diagnostics. I have described various diagnostic methods with their advantages and disadvantages together with the clarifying of the reasons of their use. I have also found some difficulties that a radiograph assistant can meet with in his or her work; I have tried to suggest different solutions. On the basis of individual examinations results processing, the hypothesis that special projections result in the decrease of intervention procedures and intervention procedures lead to the reduction of unnecessary surgeries has been confirmed. Nevertheless, in minimal number of cases we fail, despite all our efforts, to take a representative sample so that the diagnosis could be reliably made. We seek to reduce the number of such cases both by improving staff{\crq}s qualifica-tion and innovating examination methods.
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