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The Development of Foreign Trade between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America since China's Accession to WTO
Kyselková, Ivana ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Lepš, Jakub (referee)
The thesis "The Development of Foreign Trade between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America since China's Accession to the WTO" analyzes in detail the trade relations between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America. Since 1978, the trade between the PRC and the US in goods and services has been growing. One of the milestones in the mutual relationship, but also in the development of the Chinese economy, was China's accession to the WTO, which opened to the PRC a non-discriminatory access to world markets. Due to the increasing trade exchange between the PRC and the US, the bilateral relationship has gradually began to take on complexity and first disputes have appeared that had to be addressed in the WTO and through bilateral negotiations. The thesis analyzes trade disputes related in particular to the protection of intellectual property rights, health and safety standards of products, espionage and inadequate fulfilment of the WTO rules. One of the most frequently discussed topics in the American media and politics has been the subject of the growing trade deficit with China, for the growth of which some US politicians have blamed the currency undervaluation of the RMB maintained by the Chinese government. The thesis concludes that the problem of...
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State and Private Sector: Promotion of Innovations and Intellectual Property Rights Protection
Müller, David ; Hnilica, Jiří (advisor) ; Martina, Jakl (referee)
The aim of this Master's Thesis is to explore, analyze and discuss of the role and position of the innovation policies' ecosystems, the role of incentives in general and particularly within the sphere of intellectual property rights (IPR). The paper consists of two key parts. Firstly, it discuss the role of innovation, justification of incentives and purpose of the IPR protection as the means of addressing market failures, which hinder the innovation process, especially for the small and medium enterprises. Secondly, analysis was conducted within the series of case studies, including Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, United States, China and India. The divergence of the list of countries should provide representative list of measures and incentives employed and utilized in various systems of Innovation governance. Overall findings are compared with the system in the Czech Republic in order to provide prospects for the potential adjustments.
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Effects of Intellectual Property Rights Protection on Access to Medicines in Subsaharan Africa
Nemkyová, Renata ; Šaroch, Stanislav (advisor) ; Bič, Josef (referee)
The aim of the text is to defend a thesis: "A uniform and strict regime of intellectual property rights (IPR) protection for all member states of the World Trade Organization harms the less developed ones." The text also pursues the problems strong protection of IPR can cause to developing countries in the area of access to pharmaceutical products. It also evaluates the effects of public health safeguards provided in the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. The first chapter is based on theoretical grounds and it describes the relation between IPR, economics and law. The second chapter defines the international framework for IPR protection and the relation between IPR and developing countries. The third chapter provides information on what to avoid when creating IPR legislation and what to focus on. The final part constitutes of a case study. The subject of the case study is Nigeria and the aim is to characterize current developments in access to antiretrovirals (drugs used to fight HIV/AIDS), to describe the system of patent protection in this country and to outline possible solutions that would lead to improvement in procurement of HIV/AIDS treatment.
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