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Infekční nemoci a problematika sanitace na příkladu vybraných regionů Indie
Krupicová, Vendula
The bachelor's thesis deals with infectious diseases and poor sanitation in India. Epidemiological and demographic transitions are described in the thesis, which is followed by specific cases of the disease in India and the sanitation situation. The theoretical part is divided into a general overview of theories and then into the inclusion of India in the framework of epidemiology. The third part deals with the sanitation situation in the country and compares the access to sanitation between rural and urban areas, mentions the consequences of poor sanitation and evaluates some government measures as a solution to the sanitation situation. In the fourth part, two case studies are mentioned, which will specify the situation in selected regions of India in more detail. The practical part deals with interviews with experts who have been in the state of Jharkhand, and experts who compared the situation in the Czech Republic and India. The discussion and conclusion containing a summary, fulfilment of goals and suggestions for future additions.
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Demografický a epidemiologický vývoj ve středoasijských republikách bývalého SSSR po jeho rozpadu
Vymlátilová, Natálie
The bachelor's thesis deals with the analysis of demographic and epidemiological developments in the Central Asian republics of the former USSR after its collapse, focusing on the situation of the poorest countries of the region, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, and the associated health challenges. During the existence of the USSR, the Central Asian republics underwent a series of reforms in the political, economic and social spheres, accompanied by a somewhat positive impact on the demographic and epidemiological situation of the region. The collapse of the Soviet regime caused a temporary disruption of the hitherto existing developments and a collapse of the demographic and epidemiological achievements made, leaving the region once again at the beginning of its struggle against diseases and the associated morbidity and mortality problems. The aim of this paper is to determine the demographic and epidemiological situation prevailing in the countries of Central Asia after the collapse of the USSR using selected indicators, and in particular to analyze the development of health policies and programs implemented by governments and health organizations in the countries of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in the context of developments since the collapse of the USSR and their success.
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Specifics of nursing care in children hospitalized with infectious disease
KŮSOVÁ, Marie
The bachelor thesis deals with the specifics of nursing care for children hospitalized with infectious disease. The bachelor thesis is divided into theoretical and research parts. The theoretical part deals with infectious diseases in childhood, specifically infectious diseases of the digestive and respiratory tract, infectious exanthematous disease and infections affecting the CNS. It also deals with the specifics of nursing care for children with these diseases and their needs during hospitalization. It describes the transmission and agents of infectious diseases, as well as the prevention of infectious diseases in children, specifically the barrier regimen. The research section focuses on the specifics of nursing care and the most common nursing problems in children with infectious disease. The aim of this part was to identify and describe the specifics of nursing care in children hospitalized with infectious disease. A qualitative form of research inquiry was used to conduct the research through semi-structured interviews with ten participants. Nurses from the children's ward were deliberately selected for the research investigation. The questions were directed at specific systems that are discussed in the theoretical part of this thesis. The research investigation was completed after theoretical data saturation. Further, it was then categorized using the open coding method, specifically the pencil and paper method. Based on this coding, several categories and sub-categories were constructed. From the research, it was found that nurses know the specifics of nursing care for children with infectious disease. Nurses can describe the barrier nursing care procedure, but not all nurses follow this procedure. Nurses are able to list and describe the most commonly encountered nursing problems in infectious diseases.
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Analýza problematiky infekčních onemocnění (tuberkulóza a HIV/AIDS) v Keni a Etiopii
Sedláčková, Jana
This bachelor thesis is to analysis the effects of the following infectious diseases, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS, on the socio-economic development of Kenya and Ethiopia. The first part of the thesis describes what are infectious diseases and the general problems they pose to the society. The part continues to show the basic characteristics of the observed countries and gives an overview of the health care system in these countries. The second part of the thesis uses correlation analysis to find out the relationship between the following, incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV/AIDS on unemployment and Human Development Index and their effects on the socio-economic of Ethiopia and Kenya. The obtained results are thoroughly discussed with possible solutions to existing problems and recommendations made to combat the spread of infectious diseases and the improvement of the overall health care system in these two and other African countries. The preventive programs of both diseases of the given countries are also mentioned, as they prove to be one of the most suitable ways to limit the impact of these infectious diseases on the socio-economic development of Ethiopia and Kenya.
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Preparedness of medical ambulances on Covid-19
KYMLA, Tomáš
The topic of the bachelor's thesis is the Preparedness of medical ambulances on Covid19. Three research objectives were set. First, to map both the initial and the current work experience of paramedics with calls throughout the Covid-19 pandemic. Second, to investigate the material preparedness of the emergency medical services for Covid-19 and third, to study the methods of health care offered by paramedics to the Covid-19 positive patients. In addition, three research questions were identified, which were answered during the research survey. The theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis examines the Emergency Medical Services, and then it focuses on infectious diseases and the process of disease spreading, followed by highly dangerous diseases that are similar to Covid-19. The work also introduces the history, diagnosis and treatment of this disease. The work does not forget the pandemic plan of the Czech Republic and the preparedness of medical ambulances for Covid-19. The practical part was carried out by using a qualitative method of semi-structured interview, which contained 27 questions. The research group was created by 10 paramedics from individual regional centers of the Emergency Medical Service of the South Bohemian Region. For the sake of clarity, the research results were divided into 8 categories and compiled into tables. The results of the research survey showed that paramedics often encountered calls to patients with Covid-19, especially at the time when the emergency service did not have a sufficient amount of personal protective equipment (which led to using uncommon protective equipment). The methods of emergency care for Covid-19 patients were also mapped and it was shown that the paramedics proceeded in the same way as to non Covid patients, with a few exceptions. With Covid-19 positive patients, paramedics emphasize increased personal protection and the usage of personal protective equipment, which is also based on saturation and temperature values. Furthermore, the work showed that the Emergency Medical Service of the South Bohemian Region is nowadays very well prepared for a possible next wave of Covid19. The objectives of the work were met and research questions were also answered.
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Risks of infection for nurses at the department of internal medicine
JIRÁČKOVÁ, Anna
This bachelor's thesis addresses infectious diseases, especially their risk of transmission, to which nurses are exposed in the exercise of their profession. The thesis is divided into two parts, the first theoretical part describes the issue of professional infections and health care associated infections, including hygienic-epidemiological measures. The second empirical part, it contains both qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative data collection was carried out through interviews and covert observations with several members of the sister staff. For the qualitative investigation, research questions were established. What are the risks of transmitting infectious diseases in nurses working in an internal department? How do nurses prevent the development of infectious diseases in the department of the internal type? How do nurses follow preventive measures for the risk of transmission of infectious diseases to an internal type department? On the contrary, quantitative research was carried out using a questionnaire survey involving 206 respondents from the general public. Hypotheses were established together with the objective for quantitative research. The perception of the risk of transmission of infectious diseases in nurses working in an internal department varies according to the age of the lay public. The perception of the risk of transmission of infectious diseases in nurses working in an internal department varies according to the experience of the general public with nursing care. The results showed that nurses are at considerable risk of transmitting infectious diseases, with most adhering to preventive measures. The results of the quantitative examination show that older respondents perceive the risk of transmission of infection as higher than respondents at a younger age. On the contrary, the experience of respondents with nursing care has no effect on the perception of the risk of transmission of infectious diseases. The results of the work can highlight what activities and procedures in nursing care need to be put more emphasis on. The opinion of the lay public allows a more comprehensive view of the issue, nurses can also gain a higher motivation for the performance of their profession thanks to feedback from society.
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Ensuring safety at primary / secondary schools in Ústí nad Labem
GRUNTOVÁ, Petra
This diploma thesis is about topic of "Ensuring Safety at Elementary and High Schools in Ústí nad Labem". The diploma thesis is divided into two parts, theory and research. The theoretical part is composed to the chapter by safety and health safety at school, education, specifict's infectious diseases, hygienic restrictions at schools and also personal protective aquipment. The research part was realised throught the use of qualitative research method. The aim was evaluation of necessary restrictions to stop spreading of infectious diseases at specifict elementary and highs schools. It was made four research's questions. Firts: How the restrictions for stop infectious diseases are solve at specifict elementary and high schools? Second: How often the infectious diseases are occured at elementary and high school and what are they their preventations? Third: Whitch methods are used to to inform children about preventations of infectious diseases? Fourth: What is attitude of teachers and other staffs to ensecure of safety bear on the preventations of infectious diseases? The research method used semi-structured interviews with teachers at elementary and high schools. The research set consists of twenty probands whose selection was intended. The research was realized from march to april of 2022 and was ended after achived of grounded theory. Interviews's topics were: hygienics restrictions, epidemic of Covid-19, brief of students and preventations of spreading infectious diseases. It was made four generally categories and then was made subcategories and codes from generally categories. From the research was found that the necessary provisions at school were provided mostly according to government provisions. The provisions were sufficient to prevent the transmission of the infection.
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Harm reduction measures in the Czech prison: availability and distribution of condoms from the perspective of prisoners
Vašíčková, Jana ; Černíková, Tereza (advisor) ; Chomynová, Pavla (referee)
Background: The diploma thesis deals with the topic of prisons as a risky environment in relation to the transmission of infectious diseases. The condom distribution in prison settings is one of possible harm reduction interventions in terms of preventing the transmission of infectious diseases among prison population and in general society. Aims: The aim of the work is to map the availability and distribution of condoms and its perception from the prisoners' point of view in Prague-Pankrác Prison, where the distribution took place. The work also deals with the risky behaviour of convicts, through which infectious diseases are transmitted. File: The group of respondents consists of prisoners who served their sentences in two randomly selected wards where condoms were distributed. The data were collected in two waves, in which a total of 160 and 190 prisoners participated. The composition of the sample changed during the research due to the natural fluctuation of people who were accused and convicted in prisons and, in addition, due to a change in the law on the execution of sentences of imprisonment. Methods: The process evaluation was chosen for the research. A questionnaire study and a subsequent descriptive analysis of the data was performed. The first wave of data collection took place 1 month...
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Health literacy of visitors to a selected pharmacy in the field of infectious respiratory diseases
Kubíková, Daniela ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Syřiště, Ivo (referee)
The content of the diploma thesis is the topic of infectious respiratory diseases with a focus on the knowledge of visitors to the selected pharmacy in this area. The theoretical part of the diploma was focused on gathering the necessary knowledge that was related to the researched issues using the literature and electronic resources. The theoretical part of the thesis provides a brief description of health literacy, infection and selected terminology, anatomy of the human respiratory system, there are also described manifestations of selected infectious respiratory diseases, their clinical picture, disease course, treatment options, vaccination and prevention. In the practical part, the results of the research survey, evaluation of predetermined goals, comparison of the findings and recommendations for practice based on the findings are recorded. The introduction of the practical part describes the place where the investigation took place using the method of individual interviews with visitors to the selected pharmacy. The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate the health literacy of visitors to a selected pharmacy in the field of infectious respiratory diseases. The results of our own survey show that visitors to the selected pharmacy are health literate in the field of infectious respiratory...
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Evolutionary implications of innate immunity receptors polymorphism
Bainová, Zuzana ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Zajícová, Alena (referee)
Interactions between hosts and their parasites are considered to be one of the major forces driving animal evolution. It can be assumed that the evolutionary changes will occur especially in host molecules directly involved in these interactions. The first line of host defense is formed by innate immunity receptors among which also pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) belong. PRRs detect the presence of parasites at the beginning of their invasion by binding characteristic structures of their bodies (so called pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs, e. g. lipopolysaccharide, flagellin or peptidoglycans) or abnormal self molecules (damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs, e.g heat shock proteins). Although this mechanism of immune system activation is based on the recognition of ligands that are relatively evolutionarily conservative in pathogens, growing body of evidence suggests that PRRs are highly polymorphic on both interspecific and intraspecific level. High frequencies of minority alleles can be observed in most populations studied. It has been proven that particular alleles of many PRRs may associate with increased or decreased resistance to various infectious or autoimmunity diseases. Relationship between polymorphic receptor and a disease could be the main force, which shapes the...
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