|
|
The incidence, prevalence, letality and fatality from cancers in the Czech Republic
Křížová, Jana ; Mazouch, Petr (advisor) ; Malečková, Romana (referee)
In the past few decades, the Czech Republic took place significant changes in mortality rates. The objective of this study is to determine the development of cancer in the Czech Republic over the last forty years. Indicators of morbidity and mortality are being used. Emphasis is placed on the current development of all cancers in this country and further detail on those cancers that affect most of our population. In the very end, based on the results of the mortality tables, are analyzed the changes in life expectancy depending on the elimination of the deaths of some cancers. This model can use as an idea of how many years would, on average, our population lingered longer, if the cancer did not cause of death.
|
|
|
Epidemiological analysis of the incidence of influenza type A in the region Jindřichův Hradec with a comparison of the Jihočeský kraj (South region) for 2009 and 2010
NOVÁKOVÁ, Petra
The bulk of the thesis is focused on influenza A. The current theoretical knowledge in virological, epidemiological and clinical fields is summarized. Acute respiratory infections, including the influenza virus disorders, may be also caused by other agents. The most frequent agents which may be easily confused with influenza are also mentioned in the thesis in order to see the visible difference between these infections, which are often incorrectly referred to as influenza. The research part of the thesis deals with the epidemiological analysis of influenza incidence and its comparison in the district and regional levels. I have tried to evaluate the epidemiological situation within a two-year period. To compare the incidence of influenza A, I chose the Jindřichův Hradec region and compared the incidence in this region with that in the South Bohemian region. Both areas may be compared in terms of the diseases incidence, since all the data reported to the Regional Hygienic Station are standardized and calculated to the relative number of 100 000 inhabitants. I got the resources for the research at the Epidemiological department of the Regional Hygienic Station based in České Budějovice, where I used the EPIDAT program that is intended to ensure mandatory reporting, recording and analysis of infectious diseases in the Czech Republic, and looked up the necessary data for the 2009 and 2010 seasons. The data reported by general practitioners are divided into calendar weeks and age groups according to newly emerged diseases. However, individual types of influenza viruses are not mentioned, because not every acute respiratory disease is virologically verified in the laboratory or subsequent tests in the National Reference Laboratory are not carried out. Therefore, available data do not provide the exact incidence rates of influenza in a given period and place. Another important information resource was data on the tests frequency and the results of biological material laboratory tests which were conducted in the tracking period in the National Reference Laboratory for influenza. By analyzing available data it was possible to come to conclusion that in the tracking period influenza and influenza-like illness incidence rates did not reach the emergency epidemiological situation, even though in the region the epidemic threshold was crossed, it was only a short term condition.
|
|
| |
|
|
Incidence of Blood-Born and Sexually Transmitted Infectious Diseases with Focus on HBV and HCV in the Central Bohemia Region.
VELEKOVÁ, Petra
Viral hepatitides B and C are among the most widespread and at the same time most serious blood-born and sexually transmitted infectious diseases. The World Health Organisation considers the incidence of both infections to be an epidemic and, according to its estimates, there are 2 billion of people infected by hepatitis B virus and over 170 million of people infected by hepatitis C virus worldwide. Viral hepatitides B and C are diseases infecting the liver frequently becoming chronic and presenting a major factor in hepatocellular carcinoma development. Acute hepatitis C allegedly develops into chronic condition in approximately 85 % of CASE, and around one third of chronic hepatitis C patiens develop cirrhosis and many of them a liver carcinoma. There is a direct correlation between the incidence of acute hepatitis B developing into a chronic condition and possibly leading to cirrhosis or a hepatocellular carcinoma and the patientś age, it is indicated at 90 {--} 95 % in neonates, at 25 {--} 50 % in 1 to 5-year-olds, at 5 {--} 10 % in older children and adults. These diseases also have considerable socioeconomic impacts. Vaccination has been the most effective preventive measure agains viral hepatitis B, so far, no effective vaccine has been found for hepatitis C virus. The fundamental precautions against both types of viral hepatis consist in non-specific prevention related to the means of transmission of infection, namely avoiding contact with blood and other body fluids of any infected person. Both hepatitis B and C are most frequently trasmitted parenterally, by means of sexual intercourse, vertical transmission is less common. Before the introduction of screening tests for blood donors, viral hepatitides B and C were most frequently transferred via blood transfusion. At present, intravenous administration of illicit drugs presents a major risk factor due to sharing needles, syringes and other instruments among users. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes present day knowledge on viral hepatitides B and C. The practical part focuses on the incidence and means of transmission of viral hepatitis B and viral hepatitis C in the Central Bohemia Region within a 10-year period. I also aimed to examine viral hepatitides B and C transmission risks awareness, and safe-sex rules observation among a selected group of the Central Bohemia population.
|
|
|
Floristic research of part of catchment area of Oslava river between villages Velke Mezirici and Vanec
BORŮVKOVÁ, Zuzana
The study deals with a description of vegetation of part of catchment area of Oslava river between villages Velke Mezirici and Vanec. The search had been realised during the vegetation seasons of the years 2006 and 2007. There are characterised geological-petrographical, soil, climatic, hydrographic ratios and basic phytogeographical characteristics of this area in the form of a search. Selected genera of the observed plants was characterised and their incidence is figured in the schematic maps of the area. There were found out 327 kinds of plants there. In the annex there are attached schematic maps with places of occurence of the plant genera and photographic documentation.
|
|
|
Village{\crq}s places as biocentre. Improvement mapping plants to evaluation biodiversity.
RÁDR, Jiří
The main aim of graduation theses was today{\crq}s loom of species distribution, which were in former times surely ample in integral area Blatensko. On the basis of it to rewiev the diversity. With village{\crq}s alternation the diversity changed, too. The 22 villages scattered in the whole area phytogeografically subregion Blatensko and the 59 plant species from archeofyts, apofyts and neofyts were selected. My objective was to note, if these species are still occurred in Blatensko region or not. The number of monitored plant species decreases and every year are more and more abundant.
|
|
|
On statistical modeling of incidence of competing events, with application to labor mobility analysis
Volf, Petr
The contribution deals with the problem of competing risks (of competing events) in the statistical events occurrence analysis. In such a setting, one event excludes the occurrence of the other. Moreover, their latency may be dependent. Therefore, instead the analysis of marginal distributions (or intensities) of events, it is more convenient to model their real incidence, via so called incidence function. We present methods of such an incidence analysis and illustrate it on an example with unemployment data.
|
|
| |
|
|
Incidence and prevalence of a disease in a district hospital over 3 years.
Matoušů, Barbora ; Střítecký, Rudolf (advisor) ; Lešetický, Ondřej (referee)
Branches of science such as epidemiology, clinical epidemiology, statistics and various statistical methods are by ground for activity of epidemiological-manager indicators. Incidence and prevalence are numbered among epidemiological-manager indicators. In condition of hospital Pelhřimov are these indicators written, analyzed and predicated for department of hospitalized in years 2005 -- 2007. At the same time is appraised use of capacities department of hospitalized, is made analyse and estimation of most often treated diagnosis and is watched progress their average time of treatment. The watching indicators are by one of series others records for manager decision-making by control of hospital.
|
|
|
Management pacientů s diagnózou TBC
Konrádová, Paula Bc. ; Lešetický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Střítecký, Rudolf (referee)
Práce popisuje onemocnění TBC. Dále šíření, průběh, diagnostiku, léčbu a prevenci tohoto onemocnění v České republice. Navazují informace o výskytu TBC ve světě i v ČR. Praktická část je zaměřena na odborný léčebný ústav Jevíčko, konkrétně jeho historii, umístění, zaměření činnosti, obložnost lůžek, pacienty, zaměstnance, ekonomický popis léčby TBC v sanatoriu Jevíčko a ekonomickou pozici této léčebny.
|
guest ::
