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Ecological and evolutionary consequences of polyploidization
Pavlíková, Zuzana ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Rooks, Frederick (referee)
The frequency of polyploidy in natural populations is much more common than previously thought, suggesting that polyploidy must bring their holders either long or at least short term evolutionary advantage compared with their diploid ancestors, because otherwise they would not expand massively. The thesis deals with the consequences of polyploidy for genome, meiosis, mode of reproduction and the resulting viability of polyploid plants. It also describes and evaluates the possible reasons for the evolutionary success of polyploid plants. It also described the creation polyploids in diploid populations, the interactions between diploids and polyploids and the mechanisms of creation of reproductive isolation between cytotypes. Further, I paid attention to the interactions between polyploidy, herbivores and pollinators. In conclusion, I mention methods of synthesis neopolyploid plants, the possibility of their use and methods of detection of ploidy in plants.
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Inbreeging and its influence on the fitness of animal bread in captivity
Králová, Michala ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Komárková, Martina (referee)
Habitat loss and fragmentation is now the current problem, which leads to an inevitable reduction in the effective size of populations of many species. The negative effect of reduction further enhance processes such as genetic drift and inbreeding that causes deterioration of fitness (tj.inbreeding depression). Inbreeding and related phenomena may therefore be a threat to the survival of remaining populations of endangered species. Negative effects of inbreeding on population held in captivity that are part of the various emergency programs is even more recent concern (Frankham et al. 2002, O'Grady 2006). The aim of this study was to evaluate the current literature on the effects of inbreeding on populations of fish, reptiles, birds and mammals. Inbreeding affects mainly qualities associated with fitness and sexual selection traits and behavior.
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Ecological and evolutionary consequences of polyploidization
Pavlíková, Zuzana ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Rooks, Frederick (referee)
The frequency of polyploidy in natural populations is much more common than previously thought, suggesting that polyploidy must bring their holders either long or at least short term evolutionary advantage compared with their diploid ancestors, because otherwise they would not expand massively. The thesis deals with the consequences of polyploidy for genome, meiosis, mode of reproduction and the resulting viability of polyploid plants. It also describes and evaluates the possible reasons for the evolutionary success of polyploid plants. It also described the creation polyploids in diploid populations, the interactions between diploids and polyploids and the mechanisms of creation of reproductive isolation between cytotypes. Further, I paid attention to the interactions between polyploidy, herbivores and pollinators. In conclusion, I mention methods of synthesis neopolyploid plants, the possibility of their use and methods of detection of ploidy in plants.
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