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Bee trypanosomatids and their interactions with pollutants
Pařízková, Kamila ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Krejčí Bruce, Alena (referee)
Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are highly valued worldwide for their products, but also as pollinators of crops and wild plants. Due to the close proximity of bees in the beehive and their foraging habits, a large number of pathogens that weaken the bee colonies are spread both inside and between colonies. In recent decades, high annual losses of bees have been recorded, which still do not have a clear explanation. The sudden loss of bees (known as colony collapse disorder) is likely due to the interaction of multiple factors at once. A large part of the problem is attributed to viral diseases and some parasitic organisms; parasites of the Trypanosomatida group play an uncertain role. A member of this group, Crithidia bombi, is considered a problematic inhabitant of the digestive tract of bumblebees, which can cause serious complications. Close relatives, C. mellificae and Lotmaria passim, parasites of honeybees, are sometimes associated with their higher mortality. Pesticides, whose effects can be very toxic, have also come to the forefront in assessing bee losses, and most pesticides have therefore been banned in the EU. This thesis examines the prevalence, infection development, and host specificity of monoxenous trypanosomatids in bees and their pesticide interactions. A total of 26 species of...
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Obranné reakce hmyzu vůči intoxikaci: modelový druh včela medonosná
PROKŮPKOVÁ, Nela
This bachelor thesis aimed to characterize the effect of imidacloprid (neonicotinoid insecticide) on nutrient levels (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids) in haemolymph, on the activity of digestive enzymes (amylases, proteases, lipases) in the gut, and on adipokinetic hormone and biogenic amine levels in the central nervous system of the worker honeybees Apis mellifera. The insecticide was applied topically to the bee body at a dose of 0,04 micrograms per bee. The above-mentioned characteristics were measured 24 hours after insecticide application. The results showed that the effect of imidacloprid on the nutrient level in haemolymph was variable - the level of carbohydrates and proteins decreased, while the level of lipids increased. The activity of digestive enzymes in the gut increased (proteases, lipases) after the application of imidacloprid. On the other hand, the levels of adipokinetic hormone and biogenic amines in the central nervous system were reduced.
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