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Multiple sclerosis and its influence on an individual and his surroundings
HRUBÁ, Ludmila
In this bachelor thesis I focused on the problem of the multiple sclerosis. It is an autoimmune neurological disorder manifesting itself by an emergence of inflammatory foci in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord, which destroys a container of nerve fibres so called myelin. The nerve fibre undresses and a neurotransmission slows down. Scars remain in the place of the myelin damage. An onset of the disease is usually between 20 and 40 years. At present, in the Czech Republic there are approximately 15 000 people with multiple sclerosis, 60% of them are women and 40% are men. The thesis consists of a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical part I focused on the current state of the problem. In individual chapters I present for example a history, a theory of the emergence or a communication with people with this disability. The theoretical part should provide basic information about multiple sclerosis. The practical part consists of a methodology I used for gathering information for the research and an evaluation of results. The information was collected by a technique of a qualitative research, a method of a semi-structured interview. Experimental samples were two. The first one was compound of people who have multiple sclerosis, the second one were close people, i.e. friends, family members. I conducted the research with clients from St. Joseph´s Home in Žireč, with clients of MS Centre in České Budějovice and with my close people and friends. Results of the research are presented in the section Results and Discussion. An aim of this thesis was to determine the influence of multiple sclerosis on an individual and his surroundings and to familiarize the people with the disease and the problems which this disorder can bring. During my research I focused on issues of housing, employment, culture life and an awareness of this problem.
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Nurses and Education of a Chronically Ill Childl
BUSTOVÁ, Lucie
At present the number of children with chronic diseases has steadily risen. To assure as high quality of life as possible, nurses should educate both children and parents. This kind of education belongs to professional pedagogical activities in nursing the aim of which is to achieve patients´ well-being and self-reliance. This thesis is focused on education of a chronically ill child. The Bachelor thesis consists of theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part is aimed at educational process run by a nurse, the methods and principles used, the importance of education, the role of a nurse in professional children´s clinics as well as the disease itself, the family of a chronically ill child and some endocrinological, nephrological, allergological and gastro enterological chronic diseases and educational programmes connected with them. The practical part contains findings of the research survey. A quantitative research method was used, as an interview with 4 nurses working in professional children´s clinics in Strakonice specialised in endocrinology, neurology, allergology and nephrology and with 2 nurses from randomly chosen private professional clinics ? gastroentorology and allergology from March to May. The thesis tried to map the most common problems connected with education of a chronically ill child from the view of a nurse, to find out educational specifics of particular diseases and to learn how much nurses tailor the educational programme to the age of a patient. Four research questions were stated: What do nurses think the most common educational problems of a chronically ill child are? What specific educational principles are used with particular diseases? Do nurses cooperate with parents during the education? Do nurses tailor their educational programmes to the age of a child? Based on the interviews which are shown in case studies and tables, nurses see the biggest problems in noncooperation of a child and his parents together with lack of time and space to provide education. They mostly use specific attitude, clearness, systematic nature and feedback for particular diseases. The aims of the thesis were fulfilled and the research questions responded. It has appeared one more problem that nurses do not record the education. The findings of this thesis can improve the educational programmes and nursing activities for chronically ill children. They can also be used to better training of child patients and their parents and compensation of the chronic diseases.
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