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Hodnocení aberace půdy vybraných katastrů okresu Třebíč
Nováček, Miroslav
This bachelor thesis focuses on farmland aberration, which is the change in soil properties over time, this change can be positive or negative. To determine the form of aberration, the results of soil analysis were compared with the results of a Comprehensive soil survey from 1965, in the cadastral area of the municipalities of Hartvíkovice and Popůvky in the Třebíč district. The compared values include mainly soil exchange reaction, grain size and humus content. Various soil degradation processes, including water and wind erosion, acidification, loss of organic matter and compaction, cause the negative aberration. After analysis, the results showed that for all the probes examined, positive aberration occurred with an increase in pH and humus content. There was a change in the grain composition of the soils and some soil horizons were shortened.
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Možnosti ošetřování půdy v podmínkách biologického vinohradnictví
Chňoupková, Zuzana
The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to describe and analyse the methods of soil treatment in organic winemaking. The first [part of the thesis/chapter] sets out the core principles and rules of organic wine production. The introduction to the deeper problematics continues with a discussion of soil structure, significance of humus and circulation of nutrients. The analysis further delves into various vineyard farming methods including mechanical processing and greening management, with the latter being explored in a whole separate chapter. The thesis concludes with a discussion of various approaches to fertilisation and amelioration and examples of possible soil protection agents.
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Kvalita primární půdní organické hmoty v půdách porostů energetických trav
ČERNÝ, Martin
One of the main factors determining soil quality is soil organic matter. Its quality and content affect the soil properties and the surrounding environment. It is a source of many elements and nutrients important for soil organisms and plants. Therefore, from the point of view of agriculture, quality arable lands must have high soil organic mat-ter content. Methods for determining soil organic matter are still being developed and refined. This thesis uses one of the newer methods to evaluate the quality of primary soil organic matter by determining the rate constant for oxidation in soils of energy grasses Festuca arundinacea and Phleum pratense L. grown on experimental plots of the Faculty of agriculture and technology of University of South Bohemia. Samples from these soils were evaluated for primary soil organic matter and other properties, for example, quality of labile organic fractions, humus content, degree of humifica-tion etc. The results were evaluated after performing partial analyses. It was found that the quality and quantity of soil organic matter change during the season and have variances according to the monitored grass species. During the summer, the primary soil organic matter reached a higher quality. The share of primary soil organic matter in the soil during the individual months also differed, especially in March 2021 and March 2022. The newly formed matter accumulated due to minimal mineralization during the colder climate. The content of stable organic fractions is supported by agrotechnical operations such as fertilization. The highest average results of the con-tent of stable organic fractions were found in the surface layers at depth of 0-10 cm in the fertilized variant of vegetation. The average content of stable organic fractions in this depth was 1,23% for Phleum pratense L. And the average content of stable organic fractions at depth of 0-10 cm was 1,18% for Festuca arundinacea Schreb.
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Analýza obsahu a kvality organické hmoty ve vybraných půdních vzorcích
SLÁDKOVÁ, Jana
The evaluation of quantity and quality of soil organic matter is constantly evolving. New arising methods may or may not be put into practice. The aim of this thesis is to qualify the quantity and quality of soil organic matter using different approaches in order for the comparison to be made. Total organic carbon content, carbon con-tent in humic and fulvic acids and the ratio between CHK : CFK are included among the classical approaches in this thesis. On the other side, carbon content of soil or-ganic matter, stable organic carbon fractions, the rate constant of oxidation of or-ganic matter in the soil, and the setting of cationic bartering capacity according to Sandhoff are considered to be among the innovative approaches. The analysed samples were extracted from permanent grassland in the area of the village Třísov (Region Český Krumlov) in such a way that each sample was ex-tracted from different soil type (luvisols, pseudogleys, and gleys). The results of analysis carried out on each sample were found to be very similar after applying both the above-mentioned classical and innovative approaches of the evaluation of quantity and quality of soil organic matter. By using the listed approaches, it was proven the luvisols to be the best evaluated. However, the comparison of classical and new methods regarding the evaluation of quality of soil organic matter points out the difficulty of determining quality of non-humified organic matter using the classical approaches. On the contrary, the innovative approaches distinguish so called primary soil organic matter and humus.
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Komparace stupně degradace půdní organické hmoty v podmínkách intenzivního a extenzivního způsobu hospodaření
CAPLOVÁ, Marie
The diploma thesis deals with the comparison of the degree of degradation of soil organic matter in two agricultural entities - small farmers and agricultural cooperatives. The components of soil organic matter are divided into two parts - primary soil organic matter, which has labile and stable fractions in terms of hydrolysis, oxidation and biodegradability. It may be decomposed or non-decomposed, may have sorption properties, but never has significant ion exchange properties because it has no dissociable hydrogen groups. Humus, unlike primary soil organic matter, is so stable that it is virtually indecomposable in terms of human age. It always has a significant ion exchange ability, in addition to sorption properties. This division better explains the assessment of the quality and quantity of humus and primary organic matter in the soil. An analysis of soil organic matter is performed according to no. patent 304265, which is based on a modification of a single analytical method - oxidimetric determination of carbon.
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Kvalita nezhumifikované půdní organické hmoty v půdách porostu rostliny Miscanthus × giganteus
SKOBA, David
The diploma thesis is focused on observing the yield parameters of the plant Miscanthus × giganteus and on monitoring and comparing the content of soil organic matter under this stand in two variants (Cut, Uncut) and the adjacent fallow (control variant - Fallow variant). The experiments took place at the experimental site of the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, where the growth of this plant was established several years ago and experiments are carried out every year aimed at observing the yield of this plant. Field work consisted of taking phytomass and monitoring the yields of the monitored plant. Furthermore, soil samples were taken from individual management variants for subsequent analysis. The quantity and quality of soil organic matter was monitored in the laboratory. The yield of dry matter in the Uncut variant exceeded 20 t ? ha-1. Furthermore, it was found that the date of soil sampling had an effect on the amount of organic matter in the soil. In the summer months (July and August 2019) a higher content of carbon of primary soil organic matter, carbon of stable fractions of soil organic matter and total organic carbon was recorded. The carbon content of stable organic fractions is influenced by different management. While the highest was in the Fallow variant, the lowest content was in the Cut variant, the difference between the two variants was statistically significant. The content of total organic carbon was the highest in August 2019, when it reached 3.1%.
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Vliv technologie pěstování cukrové řepy na množství a kvalitu půdní organické hmoty
NOVÁKOVÁ, Aneta
The diploma thesis is focused on monitoring the content of soil organic matter and its quality in two variants of samples. The main goal of this thesis is to analyze and compare the values of soil samples taken in the sugar beet using two different variants of agrotechnical interventions - mechanical weed control with loosening and a variant using pesticides without loosening. Sampling took place near the village of Úhřetická Lhota in the Pardubice Region. The samples were processed in the laboratory and after their analysis the monitored parameters of quantity and quality of soil organic matter were determined: CPPOH - carbon of primary soil organic matter, CSOF - carbon of stable organic fractions, Corg - total organic carbon, constant k - quality indicator of primary soil organic matter
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Vliv technologie pěstování kukuřice seté na množství organického uhlíku v půdě a kvalitu půdní organické hmoty
KADLEČEK, Ondřej
The aim of the diploma thesis entitled "Influence of maize cultivation technology on the amount of organic carbon in the soil and the quality of soil organic matter" was a comparison of quantity and quality non - humidified soil organic matter in various maize cultivation technologies. The work included not only literary research, but even field experiment, thus regular soil sampling, their processing and subsequent analysis. The theoretical part was focused on growing corn in the conditions of the Czech Republic, description, division and importance of soil organic matter, methods for determining its quality and quantity. The practical part dealt with the establishment of a field experiment of maize, soil sampling, their processing and analysis. The obtained values were used to determine the amount and quality of the primary soil organic matter, which was expressed by the rate constant of its oxidation. The obtained data were statistically evaluated in the program STATISTICA 12. The effects of sampling dates, weed control methods and fertilization variants on various soil characteristics were determined.
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Kvalifikace primární půdní organické hmoty podle rychlostní konstanty oxidace v půdách energetických rostlin
ČERNÝ, Martin
An important thing that is influencing quality of yields or biomass for agricultural pruposes and sources for biogas plants is important quality of soil organic matter. It has a major impact on individual attributes of soil organic matter and environment. Over the years have been made many methods which are still upgrading. This bachelor thesis use one of the new method for rating quality of primary soil organic matter by constant of oxidation in soils of energetic grasses Festuca Arundinacea and Phleum pratense. These grasses were grown on experimental fields of the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. It has been rating attributes of soil samples from individual grasses such as humus content, degree of humification process and content total organic carbon in the soil. It was confirmed that soil ecosystem is subject to dynamic succession during the year. For this succession helps primary soil organic matter. The quality of soil organic matter depending on the type of grass and also style of how every grass is cultivated during the year. Fertilized parts achieved better results. For example in the final measurements was found to increase the quantity and quality of primary soil organic matter for both species of grasses or an increased content of soil organic carbon.
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Soil organic matter accumulation and humification during pedogenesis
Inogamova, Malika ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Bartuška, Martin (referee)
Soil is comprised of minerals, SOM , water, and air. Soil development is caused by climate and living matter acting upon parent material (weathered mineral or organic matter from which the soil develops), as conditioned by topography, over time. SOM is a dynamic component of the soils system. Plant productivity is effected by the SOM. SOM provide nutrients and habitat to the organisms living in the soil, including plants, roots and SOM also binds soil particles into aggregates and improves the water holding capacity of soil. SOM is a product of biological decomposition that affects the chemical and physical properties of the soil and its overall fertility. Humus is only partly metabolized by soil organisms but improves the physical and chemical properties of soil. It consists of different humic substances: fulvic acid, humic acid, and humin. Soil is a solid material that results from the interaction of weathering and biological activity on the parent material or underlying hard rock. The fundamental pedogenic processes, used also as a criterion for classifying soils, is associated with SOM accumulation. We discuss the nature and interrelations of the SOM humification and accumulation processes during pedogenesis and the environmental factors on pedogenic processes influencing the rate of SOM...
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