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Protein diversity in human stress granules
Kráčmarová, Jana ; Frydrýšková, Klára (advisor) ; Motlová, Lucia (referee)
During unfavourable conditions eukaryotic cells inhibit translation of certain mRNAs and preferably synthesize proteins that are involved in the stress response. The saved energy is used for repair of cellular damages. The untranslated mRNAs are accumulated in the form of ribonucleoprotein complexes. This accumulation results in the formation of the cytoplasmic stress granules. These granules are sites of structure remodeling and triage of the ribonucleoprotein complexes - they can be stored, degraded or sent back to the cytoplasm for translation reinitiation. The mRNA molecules carry their associated proteins, which include also proteins implicated in the cell signaling. Stress granules can thus indirectly regulate some processes, such as apoptosis, and play role in the survival of the cell. This thesis focuses on protein content of stress granules in human cell lines, briefly characterizes stress factors that induce their formation and discusses differences between the content of stress granules induced by different stress stimuli. An important part of this thesis is a table summarizing proteins found in the stress granules. The second part of this work is dedicated to the characterization of the proteins of the fragile X mental retardation protein family. It outlines the possible link between...
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Cytologická studie modelů DNA metylace a metylace histonů u lidských buněčných linií
Skalníková, M. ; Bártová, Eva ; Kozubek, Stanislav ; Kozubek, Michal
Epigenetic processes are defined as heritable changes in genome function that occur without a change in DNA sequence. Gene expression, chromosome segregation, DNA replication, repair, and recombination all act, not on DNA alone, but on the chromatin template. DNA methylation, along with histone lysine methylation, establishes the framework for long-term epigenetic maintenance. The discovery that enzymes can (re)organise chromatin into accessible and inaccessible configurations revealed epigenetic mechanisms that considerably extend the information potential of the genetic code. In mammals, heterochromatin is characterised by DNA methylation at CpG dinucleotides and methylation at lysine 9 of histone 3 (H3-K9), whereas euchromatin is associated with methylation at lysine 4 of histone 3 (H3-K4).
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