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Hlodavci jako škůdci na zemědělské produkci
Vargová, Michaela
The thesis critically evaluates the existing knowledge on the importance of rodents as an important pests of agricultural crops. The main part of this thesis, i.e. the literature review, focuses on a brief description of the damage caused by rodents in the global context, and subsequently in the Czech Republic. The thesis focuses on the possible causes of this damage. Furthermore, the thesis mentions rodent species and their distribution according to food consumption, followed by a description of economic and sanitary damage. The thesis also mentions preventive measures against rodents, monitoring, methods of damage control and their economic impact. The thesis concludes by mentioning possible gaps in knowledge of the impact of annual crops on damage levels and potential alternative options for rodent damage control.
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Jsou osobnostní rysy hraboše polního provázány s denním rytmem pohybové aktivity?
KUBÍKOVÁ, Pavlína
In this study, the relationship between personality traits and daily activity of Common voles (Microtus arvalis) was investigated. Thirty four voles were captured for tests from the wild and kept separately under stable light (L:D, 12:12) and ambient temperature (19 ? 1 oC) laboratory conditions. Voles were subjected to Open Field (OF) tests to determine their personality traits on locomotor activity and shy-bold gradients. They were then monitored in the PhenoTyper boxes, where their activity was recorded for seven days. In this thesis, it was found that more locomotor active and bold individuals in the OF test are also more active in the PhenoTyper box, are more prone to periodicity and regular ultradian rhythms, and have more activity in the dark. Shy individuals are often immobile (most often in the dark), which weakens the periodicity of their ultradian rhythms. Thus, greater boldness in the common vole leads to greater nocturnal activity, and shyness rather to greater nocturnal immobility. The personality traits were associated with daily activity, periodicity, and ultradian rhythms.
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Vliv pachové preference na reprodukční úspěch u hraboše polního
BÍLKOVÁ, Pavlína
The aim of this work is to find out whether odor preference can affect the reproductive success of voles. Odors are generally able to reveal a lot of information about his carrier, according to which individuals may be able to choose a more compatible partner. With this partner, they increase the probability of transferring good genes to their offspring. The more investing sex is the one he chooses, and for most species it is the females. In the T-labyrinth, we gave the females a choice of odors from two males and, according to the time spent with one or the other, we evaluated the preference for one of them using a monitoring program. The females were then paired with either the male they preferred or the male they did not prefer. The number of pups from each pair was the main indicator for evaluating our results. These show that female voles are able to choose a more suitable partner according to their smell, with whom they produce more offspring.
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Význam dravců (Accipitriformes, Falconiformes) a sov (Strigiformes) v agrocenózách a antropogenní faktory, které je ovlivňují.
Seligová, Renáta
The aim of the thesis is to assess the effect of biological protection and anthropogenic effects that influence the number of raptors and owls in agrocenoses. The importance of these predators as biological protection of crop-plants against rodents is on the rise in the past decades. There is also an effort to examine the relationship between raptors and their prey to understand the topic better. From 2015 to 2017, 8,693 mouse-eating raptors and owls have been accepted to animal rescues in the Czech Republic. Although, it is necessary to take into account that only about 1% of injured birds get to the rescues. Most of them die further from the place of injury or become a prey of other predators. The majority of birds had been accepted due to injury, mostly because of electric wire burns (30.63%), road hit (21.85%) or obstruction impact (9.33%). Injury by another animal, feather damage and gun wound were not a rarity either. 42.95% of accepted birds died – 18.49% of these had to be destroyed (especially if the cause of injury was electric burns or road hit). The extent of anthropogenic threat on raptors and owls was analysed based on the abovementioned data. The last part of the thesis deals with the effect of biological protection against common voles (Microtus arvalis). Two specimens – Falco tinnunculus and Buteo buteo – were assessed on an area of 100 km2 with the estimated 26 pairs of each species. Several factors had to be taken into account in the estimate. The population of Falco tinnunculus removed 52,767 common voles per year and the population of Buteo buteo removed 177,708 of common voles per year. The predatory pressure on the vole is estimated to 12.9%. Even thought the number should not be omitted, it would not be accurate to state whether biological protection functions or not. There are several variables that must be taken into account. The result of the estimate is based on middle population density of common vole, thus it would much lower in case of accession of population gradation. On the contrary, raptors and owls can accelerate the fall of the population after gradation culimation and maintain a longer interval before a new gradation.
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Influence of developmental rate on behavioral personality forming
SCHMIDTMAJEROVÁ, Eva
The aim of this thesis was to empirically examine one of the theories regarding the laws of intraspecific variability in animal behavior, which assumes that differences in behavior are directly related to individual differences in the rate of growth. One of our most common rodents, common vole (Microtus arvalis) was chosen as a model species, mainly because lots of previous studies on this species have demonstrated, among other things, presence of consistent differences in behavior.
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The development of an expression of personality traits: the common vole (\kur{Microtus arvalis}) study
URBÁNKOVÁ, Gabriela
The aim of this study was investigate the development of behaviour of common vole in usually used personality test - Open Field test. This study also used a new behavioural approach ? behavioural reaction norms - to investigate the relationship among personality traits, behavioural plasticity and body weight and chosen social characteristic. There were found the effects of adult body weight and litter size on individual behavioural plasticity and also the negative correlation between personality traits and behavioural plasticity, signaling the different level of habituation dependent on personality traits.
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