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Obranné reakce včel vůči přírodním toxinům
KAINZOVÁ, Klára
The aim of this master thesis was to describe the effect of honeybee venom on several physiological characteristics in the honeybees Apis mellifera themselves. They included the expression and level of vitellogenin in selected organs, AKHs production in CNS, level of dopamine in brain, fat body and Malpighian tubules, oxidative stress (the activity of catalase) and the structure of thoracic muscles in workers and drones. Results showed that the bee venom did not change the AKH level in CNS. However, the envenomation decreased the expression of vitellogenin in fat body, as well as the level of vitellogenin proteins both in fat body and haemolymph. Catalase activity was increased in the gut of workers but decreased in the gut of drones. The venoms application slightly increased dopamine levels in the fat body, brain and Malpighian tubules, but only in the fat body the rise was significant. Honeybee venom damaged the structures of myofibrils and mitochondria in the thoracic muscles of workers, however, co-application of the venom with AKH generally abolished this effect; situation in drones remains unknown.
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Včelí pastva a výživný potenciál medonosné rostliny
Půst, Petr
The diploma thesis is focused on the nutritional potential of bee friendly plants in the landscape for the honeybee. The aim was to verify a new method of evaluating the intensity nectar production of plants using the average daily weight changes of bee colonies placed in isolation cages on a plants of Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. In the experiment, it was confirmed that the intensity of nectar production of bee friendly plants can be evaluated through the mass development of bee colonies placed in isolation cages with flowering vegetation with the same phenological phase. Statistically, it was not proved that plants of Phacelia tanacetifolia produce a higher amount of nectar during the first 7 days during its full bloom. The estimate of the honey yield in the experimental field growth of Phacelia tanacetifolia reached 210.5 kg/ha. The results can be used to investigate the effects on the production of nectar from plants in the future, thereby increasing the nutritional value of bee grazing in practice. Because a more nutritious bee pasture in the landscape is a fundamental determinant for the creation of a healthy, viable and productive bee colony.
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Education of preschool children in the topic of honey bee as an important pollinator.
MERIKOVÁ, Jitka
Presented bachelor thesis was focused on creating a range of educational activities within the framework of environmental education, the aim of which was to raise the awareness of preschool children about the importance of the honey bee as our important pollinator. The main emphasis was placed on a playful form of activities that are intended to arouse children's interest in learning in the given area and, using experiential learning methods, to realize the importance of pollinators for our society and humanity as such. Basic pedagogical terms and terminology were defined in the theoretical part. Another part of the bachelor's thesis was devoted to the origin of the honey bee, its biology and morphology. An integral part of this literary part, a description of the principle of pollination, its impact on food production and environmental biodiversity. In the Practical part, activities focused on a playful form of experiential learning was presented. The presented activities were implemented in a kindergarten in South Bohemia and are described in detail. The program was subjected to reflection, which evaluated the impact of educational offers on children in kindergarten.
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Bee trypanosomatids and their interactions with pollutants
Pařízková, Kamila ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Krejčí Bruce, Alena (referee)
Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are highly valued worldwide for their products, but also as pollinators of crops and wild plants. Due to the close proximity of bees in the beehive and their foraging habits, a large number of pathogens that weaken the bee colonies are spread both inside and between colonies. In recent decades, high annual losses of bees have been recorded, which still do not have a clear explanation. The sudden loss of bees (known as colony collapse disorder) is likely due to the interaction of multiple factors at once. A large part of the problem is attributed to viral diseases and some parasitic organisms; parasites of the Trypanosomatida group play an uncertain role. A member of this group, Crithidia bombi, is considered a problematic inhabitant of the digestive tract of bumblebees, which can cause serious complications. Close relatives, C. mellificae and Lotmaria passim, parasites of honeybees, are sometimes associated with their higher mortality. Pesticides, whose effects can be very toxic, have also come to the forefront in assessing bee losses, and most pesticides have therefore been banned in the EU. This thesis examines the prevalence, infection development, and host specificity of monoxenous trypanosomatids in bees and their pesticide interactions. A total of 26 species of...
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Zimování včelstva
Babica, Ondřej
In the breeding of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.), the good health of the bee colony is an important prerequisite for successful overwintering. The condition of the colonies is affected by environmental influences, the influence of genetics or the health status of the bees. Well-developed pharyngeal glands allow bee feeders to provide developing larvae with quality royal jelly. The longevity of the winter generation of bees is influenced by a many of physiological factors, which distinguish them from summer short-lived bees. The main factors of longevity appear to be the level of proteins in the hemolymph, especially vitellogenin, the level of juvenile hormone or the pheromone ethyl oleate. The natural immune system or the effects of oxidative stress also play an important role in the overwintering of colonies. Recently, overwintering is threatened by viral infections transmitted by varroa mite.
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Obranné reakce hmyzu vůči intoxikaci: modelový druh včela medonosná
PROKŮPKOVÁ, Nela
This bachelor thesis aimed to characterize the effect of imidacloprid (neonicotinoid insecticide) on nutrient levels (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids) in haemolymph, on the activity of digestive enzymes (amylases, proteases, lipases) in the gut, and on adipokinetic hormone and biogenic amine levels in the central nervous system of the worker honeybees Apis mellifera. The insecticide was applied topically to the bee body at a dose of 0,04 micrograms per bee. The above-mentioned characteristics were measured 24 hours after insecticide application. The results showed that the effect of imidacloprid on the nutrient level in haemolymph was variable - the level of carbohydrates and proteins decreased, while the level of lipids increased. The activity of digestive enzymes in the gut increased (proteases, lipases) after the application of imidacloprid. On the other hand, the levels of adipokinetic hormone and biogenic amines in the central nervous system were reduced.
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Effect of pollination on seedset and yield of buckwheat (\kur{Fagopyrum esculentum}).
NOLČ, Radek
Common buckwheat is a attracting plant for many pollinators, therefore it be helping to restore biodiversity in the landscape. The most important of pollinators of buc kwheat are honeybee and hoverflies. The aim of this thesis was to find out effect of pollination of buckwheat sown with honeybees and the others pollinators on the seed set and yield of archenes in different varieties of buckwheat. A small-plot field experiment was established with three varieties of common buckwheat in the Pilsen Region, in the place of Zábělá. Before flowering began, half of the plots were covered with insect screens. The buckwheat stand was evaluated from the point of: plants height, number of branches, number of flowers and inflorescences on a plant, nectar volume in Thrum flowers, flowering time, number of archenes on a plant, the weight of thousand of archenes and the yield of archenes. Monitoring of pollinators was performed at the time of buckwheat flowering at 9, 10, 11, 12 and 14 hours, during 10 minutes, using photos. Nectar collection took place on five consecu tive days, from 16. 7. until 20. 7., at 9, 10 and 11 hours. Total of 31 insect species were recorded on buckwheat flowers. The most common effective pollinators of buckwheat were honeybees, (39,7 %) and hoverflies (37,5 %). The significant difference in nectar production was found among the tested buckwheat varieties. The yield of achenes on covered plants was 87 % lower than on freely accessible plants.
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Monitoring of Paenibacillus larvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis pathogens in honeybee colonies in the Czech Republic
JOSKOVÁ, Markéta
The aim of this thesis was to summarize the theoretical informations about biology of honeybees and bacteries Paenibacillus larvae and Melissococcus plutonius and parasitic fungi Ascosphaera apis. This organisms attack bee larvae and cause bee diseases. The major part of this thesis was focused on the evaluation of the occurrence of these pathogens in various places in Czech Republic by isolating bee DNA from more than 200 bee samples from 50 locations within whole Czech Republic. Detection pathogens was performed using PCR method. There were 3 samples positive for Paenibacillus larvae and 4 positive for Melissococcus plutonius. The fungus Ascospheara apis did not occur in any of the samples.
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Molecular characterisation of microsporidia causing nosematosis in bees
HANUŠOVÁ, Adéla
Microsporidia of the genera Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae cause bee intestinal disease, which is widespread throughout the world, including the Czech Republic. The aim of my bachelor thesis was to evaluate the occurrence of Nosema in various places in the Czech Republic. The literature contains only a limited amount of information about nosematosis caused by both microsporidia. In total, over 135 samples were taken from 27 sites. Samples were taken from November 2019 to January 2020. Sampling took place in the vicinity of large cities, in their vicinity, where the landscape was cultivated and in places with little agricultural impact. After analysis of the obtained samples by PCR, the vast majority of microsporidia of Nosema cerenae was present, while Nosema apis was nowhere.
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Monitoring of floral visitors and their importance on comon buckwheat
NOLČ, Radek
Common buckwheat is a crop that attracts many pollinators. The most important of these is honeybee. The aim of this bachelor's thesis was to find out what share of honeybee is on the pollination of common buckwheat and what its significance for the yield of archenes at different sowing times. A small-plot field experiment was established in the Pilsen Region, in the place of Zábělá, on three sowing times (1st May, 1st June and 1st July 2019).The buckwheat stand was evaluated from the point of: flowering time, total vegetation time of the stand, number of inflorescences and flowers on a plant, number of archenes on a plant, the weight of thousand of archenes and the yield of archenes. Monitoring of pollinators was performed at the time of buckwheat flowering at 9, 11 and 14 hours, during 10 minutes, using photos. The share of honeybees on the pollination of buckwheat was 29% of effective pollinators. A total of 24 insect species were recorded on buckwheat flowers. The highest number of buckwheat pollinators was recorded in July (21 species). The most common effective pollinator of buckwheat were hoverflies (57%). The most visits of honeybees were recorded at the second sowing time (on 1 June 2019), which also had the highest expected yield.
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