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Study of organs of mice in inhalation experiments
Vrlíková, Lucie ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Dočekal, Bohumil (advisor)
The diploma thesis is devoted to study potential risks for living organisms resulting from inhalation of nanoparticles of chosen heavy metals. The main aim of this work is the investigation of organs from experimental white mice after their guided inhalation of lead nanoparticles. The samples of liver and lungs from these animals are taken in time periods during the inhalation experiments and processed by specific methods for their evaluation. After pressurized microwave assisted decomposition of selected samples of mice organs in high purity concentrated nitric acid the content of lead is determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization. Furthermore, the changes are monitored using the microscopy of histological slides stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The results of both approaches are evaluated and compared within the frame of this work.
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Possibilities of the use of peracetic acid in therapy of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
ŠAUER, Pavel
The aim of the present study was to assess an influence of two different therapeutical concentrations of peracetic acid on selected haematological and biochemical parameters in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish were radomly distributed to aquaria and exposed to concentrations of 0 mg.l-1 PAA (control group), 1.0 mg.l-1 PAA (P1 group), 3.0 mg.l-1 PAA (P2 group). Almost total mortality of fish was observed in the concentration 3.0 mg.l-1 PAA during the treatment comparing with the P1 group and untreated control where no mortality was observed. After the end of the experimental exposure of fish to peracetic acid, the sampling of blood has been realised. The samples of the blood were examined in order to determine haematological and biochemical parameters. Consequently, there were no significant differences (p<0.05) in a haematological profile of fish exposed to concentration of 1.0 mg.l-1 PAA. Goblet cells count and size have risen, that caused exposure of fish to peracetic acid. In the biochemical profile of fish, significant changes (p<0.01) in three parameters were found after exposure of fish to peracetic acid in concentration 1.0 mg.l-1. Changed parameters were: aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. The changes were moderate and it can be supposed that these changes are reversible. No significant change (p<0.05) in haematological parameters points out to the minimum negative influence of recommended therapeutical concntration (1.0 mg.l-1 PAA) to the health of C. idella.
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Histologic analysis of melanoma B16-F10 therapy by agonist of TLRs and fagocyte receptors
DIVOKÁ, Petra
The aim of submited Thesis was to contribute to illustration on effect of TLR and fagocytate receptors in melanoma B16-F10 treatment with mouse model. Currently, a consequence of different ligands of fagocyte receptors and their combination with liposacharide (LPS) was tested. Ligands of fagocytate receptors was used in form enabled inside tumor cells anchoring. It deals with these compounds: f-MLFKK-BAM4000, laminarin-BAM4000, mannan-BAM4000. Gained results confirmed that previously observed huge synergy of LPS (activation of TLR4) and activation of phagocytic receptors by ligands anchored to tumor cells found the clarification in the form of extensive necrotization of tumor mass at the histological level.
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Rabbit gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)
NEDOROSTOVÁ, Anna
Presented bachelor project deals with rabbit?s lymphatic tissue of intestine which is the biggest lymphatic organ in a rabbit's body. In the first part of the project anatomical system of a rabbit?s intensine and it's general histological structure is described, following part deals with lymphatic tissue of intensine (Peyers patches, isolated lymphoid follicle, sacculus rotundus, cecal patch, appendix) and supplemented by macroscopic and microscopic images. Histological structure of each GALT component is identical, there are lymphatic follicles covered with special epithelium, however individual GALT components of rabbit differ in percentage of appearance of T and B lymphocyte. All GALT structures are responsible for induction of the immune response, saculus roundus and appendix are locations of formation of the primary antibody repertoire. Project created theoretical foundations for another study about lymphatic tissue of rabbit's intestine.
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Production of histological slides
JANŮ, Veronika
This thesis deals with the preparation of histological sections and their evaluation. It describes in detail the preparation of histological sections, which are divided by the type of tissue and the method of staining. In total, 30 sections were processed; they were human tissues, including liver, small intestine, colon, kidney, lung, heart, brain and skin. All the tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosine along with other specific staining methods for the given type of tissue, such as staining of collagen fibres, staining of iron, staining of elastic fibres, staining of polysaccharides, impregnation of reticular fibres and more. The sections were processed electronically and they are presented in a graphical form in the annex to the thesis. The chapter with the results contains their detailed description and evaluation based on the staining method used on each of the histological sections.
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Histological and histochemical methods used in study of development of internal male sex organs
VÁVROVÁ, Martina
Presented thesis devotes to comparative study of usability of fixation agents and colouring methods for the study of histology and histochemistry of Culex pipiens s.l. mosquito males. The study was carried out in males of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say, which is a significant transmitter of filariasis. Histological and histochemistry studies of the structure of the whole abdomens or prepared testicles were carried out on the material fixed by fixation agents Carnoy and Bouin of Dubosque-Brasil modification. Fixed tissue was cast in paraplast or resin. Histological sections were done by means of automatic microtome Leica and half-thin sections by means of ultra microtone Reichert. Section preparations were coloured by Mayer or Harris haematoxylin or by colouring method according to Mallory. Semi-thin sections from materials cast in resin were coloured by toluidine blue. Fixation agent Bouin, Dubosque-Brasil modification proved as more convenient than Carnoy, either for the preparation of paraffin sections or for fabrication of half-thin sections from tissues cast in resin. The next advantage of this fixation is that fixed tissue can be stored for unlimited period of time without over fixation of the tissue as it is in the case of fixation by Carnoy. For general histological preparations Mallory colouring is apparently the most convenient from the used methods; it provides better orientation in coloured tissue thanks to the whole spectrum of colours-pink to red colouring of cell nuclei, blue colouring of tissue and secretions. In case of colouring of male genital organs all used colourings (Mallory, Harris and Mayer haematoxylin) seem to be comparable. Casting in resin with connection to colouring by toluidine blue (also histochemistry proof for carbohydrates) has shown to be suitable for visualisation of finer structures, in male genital organs particular developmental phases of male sex cells were distinguished.
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Histopathological methods used in the study of development of female internal sex organs
DĚDOVÁ, Kristýna
Presented thesis is based on comparison and usability of histological methods for the study of body structure, especially inner female genital organs. The study was carried out in mosquitoes Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say. Studied tissue was fixed in a fixation agent Bouin, modified Dubosque-Brasil, for the period of minimum 6-8 hours or in Carnoy fixation for the priod of 5 and 10 minutes. Bouin proved as a more convenient fixation liquid because the tissue can be stored in it for non-limited period of time with no over fixation of the tissue. This can happen in case of the use of Carnoy fixation. In Carnoy fixation it is necessary to determine the period of tissue soaking because the used fixation agent penetrates particular tissues for a different period of time and degradation of material by over fixation threatens, which results in disintegration of tissues and the material is non-usable for histological studies. Fixed tissue was after that cast in paraplast. From the material fixed by alcoholic Bouin, modification Dusque-Brasil, the blocks cast in resin were made for the preparation of half-thin sections. Histological sections from paraplast blocks were made at automatic microtone Leica and half-thin sections from resin blocks at ultra microtone Reichert. Section preparations were coloured either by Meyer and Harris haematoxylins or by the mixture of colours according to Mallory colouring method. For general biological preparations Mallory colouring method is the most convenient; it distinguishes the structures of studied tissue better. Half-thin sections can be coloured by toluidine blue, which is simultaneously a histochemical reaction, proving the presence of carbohydrates. This method is convenient for watching particular fine structures. Its disadvantage is the complexity at the preparation of serial sections necessary for the study of particular phases of insect genital organs development. Half-thin sections have also a significant advantage, namely at processing of materials containing chitin structures-nor chipping nor laceration of studied tissue occurs, as it is in paraffin sections.
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