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Dynamic of the plant establishment in the experimental seeding into the grasslands restored on the former arable land
Šťástková, Eva ; Mudrák, Ondřej (advisor) ; Konečná, Marie (referee)
Grasslands of White Carpathians belong to the most diverse grasslands of the world, but despite this their large area was plowed in the past. During the last two decades one of the biggest ecological restoration projects in the Central Europe is there ongoing, which aims to restore arable fields back into species rich grasslands. As even a relatively species rich regional seed mixture cannot include the original grassland diversity, grasslands are dependent on spontaneous colonization species after initial sowing. Species, however, face the considerably altered environment, different to preserved reference grasslands. The question is, to what extent can be the colonization of grasslands successful. Eventually, if it is possible to sow them into species poor restored grassland and enforce the formation of a more diverse grassland community. This bachelor thesis experimentally compared establishment (number of individuals during the growing season 2021) of 10 grassland species in sowings on three restored grasslands (old 20 years since restoration) and on three reference grasslands, which were in their proximity and served as reference ecosystem. Sowing was conducted in autumn 2020 into the disturbed and undisturbed microsites 20 × 20 cm. All species successfully established at least in some number...
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The effect of habitat continuity and management on species composition and diversity
Hubáčková, Barbora ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Semi-natural grasslands of the eastern Moravia have big potential to host species-rich plant communities. However, changes in land-use during the second half of the last century were rapid and vast and many grasslands had been ploughed over. In the early 80s some arable lands were sown with low diversity clover-grass mixture and transferred back to grassland. Restoration of grasslands on former arable fields is a major challenge. Their colonisation by grassland species may be complicated by initial seeding productive low diversity seed mixtures. The aim of this study was to estimate differences in species composition and species diversity between ex-arable artificially seeded grasslands and fragments of grasslands with continuity over 70 years in the north part of White Carpathian Mts., SE Czech Republic and identify species traits limiting species ability to colonize the ex-arable grasslands. Target plant species (total of 137) were surveyed on 66 grasslands. Surveyed grasslands were according to continuity and type of management. Coordinates of centroids from each polygon (i. e. surveyed grassland) were used to treat the spatial correlation of the surveyed grasslands. The effect of continuity on species composition and diversity was tested after accounting for differences in the management and...
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Změny v zastoupení trofických skupin hlístic (Nematoda) na přirozeném úhoru a v půdách osetých regionálními a komerčními travními směskami
Háněl, Ladislav
Secondary succession started from a cultivated field soil with relatively low abundance of nematodes (five-year mean value 85 x 10.sup.4./sup. ind.m.sup.-2./sup.), especially with reduced populations of plant feeding species. The most dominant nematodes in the field were bacterivorous genera (55 %). During succession the total abundance of nematodes in the abandoned field plots (AF; natural fallow), regional grass mixture plots (RGM), and commercial grass mixture plots (CGM) increased to 109, 140, and 154 x 10.sup.4./sup. ind.m.sup.-2./sup.. The dominance of bacterivorous nematodes decreased to 30 %, 30 %, and 35 %, respectively. The abundance and the dominance of root-fungal feeding nematodes increased in RGM (25 %) and CGM(24 %) treatments, that of plant-parasitic nematodes increased in AF (12 %). The abundance and the dominance of omnivorous nematodes increased mainly in AF (24 %), that of predacious nematodes increased in all treatments (6 %, 4 %, 3 %, respectively).
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