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Hodnocení významu druhově pestrých směsí trav, jetelovin a bylin pro biodiverzitu
Fiodorová, Daniela
The aim of the study was to evaluate the species composition and proportion of agrobotanical plant groups in an established species-rich vegetation whitch was set up in 2022 in the first year of growth. Furthermore, the research aimed to determine the feeding value, diversity index, equitability and to assess the honey yield of the vegetation. The study investigated whether the date had an effect on the occurrence of pollinators in the vegetation and which groups of pollinators were most frequent. The vegetation was monitored using phytocenological imaging in a 1 m2 square plot in the centre of the experimental area. Insect abundance was assessed by observation directly in the plot and also by trapping in yellow trays. The recording in the first year of growth of the vegetation mixture showed high infestation. A total of 28 plant species were observed in the experimental plot. The agrobotanical group of herbs was not the most represented by number of species. The date had an effect (p<0,05) on the occurrence of Apis mellifera and the order Diptera. The order Diptera was the most abundant order during observations of infestations and pollinator capture.
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Sukcese vegetačního krytu na hlušinových odvalech v Ostravě
Jaroš, Jakub
This thesis is focused on the evaluation of succession on spoil heap complex Petr Bezruč and spoil heap of the coking plant Svoboda since the last research carried by Koutecký (2004) and the care proposal of similar devastated sites. A total of 100 phytosociological relevés were made and 100 soil and 204 dendrochronological samples were taken on both sites. The analysis of the obtained data revealed identical changes of EIV on both sites, indicating the canopy increase of the tree species and alteration of the species composition, which was attributed to the ongoing succession. The difference among plots on spoil heaps and the difference among both spoil heaps was also evaluated. Spontaneous and directed succession was determined as the most appropriate means of restoration.
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Degradace mokřadní vegetace na Velkomeziříčsku a možnosti její obnovy
Oulehla, Jan
The thesis deals with degradation of wetland vegetation in the southeastern Bohemian-Moravian Highlands. Based on detailed historical data, a comparison between the historical (20 years ago) and current state of selected wetland sites in the vicinity of Velké Meziříčí town was made. Historical development, current vegetation description and comparison with the historical situation are described for each locality. The results of the work are based on the testimony of witnesses, consultations with the author of the main historical source, maps and own floristic and phytosociological surveys that took place in 2015–2018. 23 sites were resurveyed in total, where 20 of them were found as more or less degraded. Seven of the wetland sites disappeared at all. Furthermore, local extinction is illustrated on six selected endangered wetland species. An integral part is the identification of the causes of degradation, where vegetation succession following the absence of management, drainage and nutrient input (eutrophication) are of the highest importance. Restoration options based on practical examples of good care are described to solve degradation. Phytosociological plots, photographs and lists of found species can be found in the annexes.
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Vegetace a půdní semenná banka na vybraných úhorech v NP Podyjí
Smetanová, Sabina
In many European regions, there has been a decline in biodiversity of agricultural landscapes as a result of agricultural intensification and abandonment of the traditio-nal ways of management common to the mid-20th century (grazing, hand held, small and irregular mowing). . One of the methods to mitigate the decline in biodiversity is the use of fallows as a potential management in the nature protection. During June and September 2018, the one-year vegetation grown on the longtime experimental fallow lands (deployed on 8 locations around the area of the National park Podyjí) was documented using phytosociological methods. The phytosociological specimens has been noted down in five repetitions for every variant of the experiment in every location. The „area A“ has been ploughed every year since december 2008 until present and „area B“ was kept as fallow land during period 2008-2013, then peri-odical plough started again. In March 2019, samples of the soil has been taken, which are going to be used for determination of germinability of seed bank in the jar experi-ment. The small-scale plowing of the homogeneous grass-herb vegetation on the area of abandoned formlands allows the rehabilitation of plant species with short lifepan which could not germinate in the overgrown vegetation. A possible exploitability and benefits of using follows for biodiversity increase in the area, as the risks connected with that method, will be possible to fully evuluated after long-term study of the plant succesion.
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The effect of drainage and restoration on vegetation of wet peaty meadows.
Krejčová, Jana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Syrovátka, Oldřich (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to summarise the current knowledge of the effects of amelioration entervention especially drainage on wet meadow vegetation. First part of this thesis consisting of literature review of scientific papers and other studies summarises the influence of water on soil. It describes how the loss of water and degradation of soil influence the plant communities of wetlands. Drainage of wetlands was very common due to the intensification of agriculture in the past. The amelioration intervension resulted in the loss of peat horizon in soil and reduction of biodiversity. This review explains the reasons to common drainage in the past. In conclusion of the review, the thesis evaluates the efficiency and possibilities of wetland biotopes restoration. The second part of the thesis describes the specific research in the village Senotín (running between 2015 and 2016) which compared the results of the studies from 1996 and 2016. The effectiveness of restoration was examined and compared on the basis of phytosociological images of vegetation which are presented on three different types of areas.
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Factors determining the vegetation composition of wet meadows and its changes in time
Šimák, Martin ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Procházka, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis is mainly a literature review of scientific papers and other studies of wet meadows and their characteristics. The aim of the thesis is to summarise knowledge especially of the changes of the vegetation composition of the wet meadows, reveal the causes of such changes and consider the influence of different types of management. Wet meadows underwent crucial changes. They have been drained, the grazing or mowing has ended up and many species were unable to adapt to the changed conditions. Biodiversity in general has been decreasing on these habitats and it has been caused mainly by the total change in management. By comparing different scientific papers I identified common characteristics of the declining species and optimal managment options suitable for stopping their decline were detected. Consequently, I introduce the main methods used to study changes in vegetation composition over time. In the final part of the thesis I mention Slavkovský Les as the area where my future research will be conducted.
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Biotopes associated with migration corridor valley of the Tichá Orlice river (Eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic)
Rejzek, Tomáš ; Kovář, Pavel (advisor) ; Černý, Tomáš (referee)
Biotopes associated with railway corridor in valley of the river Tichá Orlice (Eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic) ABSTRACT Expansion, invasion or decline of plant species caused by environmental changes belong to the most important phenomenons associated with vegetation cover development. In spite of their often initiation by human activities the above mentioned processes continue then spontaneously and uncontrollably. This study is concentrated to the effect of these mechanisms on the biotope structure along the Tichá Orlice River (Eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic) - in its lowland landscape segment of the canyon character where the second axis of the valley (river flow is the first one) is created by railway line more than 150 years of local history. The case study has the general aim: to treat the present and/or future impact of described trends to plant biota and the degree of its influencing. My diploma thesis investigates functional impact and mutual interaction of the two main migration pathways of exotic species - the T.Orlice river and the railway corridor. It presents qualitative and quantitative changes in plant components of local (semi)natural biotopes by mean of interrelationships among selected ecological groups of species (neophytes, expansive species, and ephemeroids). At the same time, this...
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Sukcese vodní a mokřadní vegetace na pískovnách
MÜLLEROVÁ, Anna
Vegetation sampling was carried out to determine processes of succession of aquatic and wetland plant species. Different stages of wetland and aquatic vegetation were analyzed in sand pits in the Třeboňsko Protected Landscape Area in the Czech Republic. Moreover different sizes of phytosociologial relevés of aquatic vegetation were analyzed to determine sufficient size for detection of successional changes.
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