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Funkční poruchy pohybového aparátu u žen s makromastií
ČIŽINSKÁ, Aneta
In my bachelor thesis, I dealt with how the weight of excess breast mass affects the locomotor system and how we can use physiotherapy to influence these changes and functional disorders. The aim of this thesis was to identify the most common functional disorders affecting women with macromastia and then to establish a short - and long-term rehabilitation plan. I conducted a research of available literature on the subject and made an educational booklet. In the theoretical part of this thesis I deal with the definition and clinical difficulties associated with macromastia. I then describe the anatomy of the breast itself and the functional anatomy of the chest area and shoulder girdle, followed by a definition of the posture itself. Finally, I describe the functional and muscular disorders. In the practical part I work with three women who suffer from functional disorders and pain due to macromastia. We started with an initial kinesiological analysis which included medical history, basic examination in the form of aspect, palpation, range measurement, centre of gravity mapping, testing for muscle shortening, muscle imbalances, postural stability and breathing pattern. Subsequently, I set up an individual short-term rehabilitation plan, which took place over a period of two months in the form of therapy and an assigned exercise unit. At the end, we performed an output kinesiological analysis and an objective and subjective evaluation of the entire process. A long-term rehabilitation plan was then set and an educational booklet was handed over. My work has shown that in women with macromastia, forward shift of the centre of gravity is dominant and as a consequence the lumbar spine is strained and the paravertebral muscles are overloaded. Another issue was the protraction posture of the shoulders, which are pulled by the thoracic fascia and muscles into internal rotation. All probands showed improvement during the study, but this improvement was in different areas for each individual proband.
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Functional pathology of musculoskeletal system in students of physiotherapy
Matocha, Jan ; Řasová, Kamila (advisor) ; Ragulová, Michaela (referee)
Among physiotherapists there is high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, which disrupt their personal and work life. Substantial part of them reports, first disorders begun when they studied pregradual physiotherapy, which corresponds with modern research among physiotherapy students. The goal of this thesis is to measure prevalence of functional disorders in population of physiotherapy students. In this study were 23 participants with average age of 20, which consisted of 21 women and 2 men. All functional disorders were examined during practical courses in subject "Fyzioterapie I", according to methodology taught on 3. faculty of medicine on Charles University. Examined functional disorders consisted of: side differences of anatomical circumference of limbs, range of motion in joints, trigger points, shortened muscles, hypermobility and examination by sight. Muscle, which were shortened most often, was mm. erectores trunci and hamstring muscles. No significant difference was found in range of motion examination, same as in examination of length and circumference of limbs. Most prevalent pathology found in examination by sight was position of shoulders, pelvic, and examination with plumb line from side. Out of 56 muscles trigger points without motoric response were found in 39 % and trigger...
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The relationship between man and his working environment - applied ergonomics in relation to functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system
KRUPIČKOVÁ, Nikola
The aim of this thesis is to use applied ergonomics together with physiotherapeutic intervention in an engineering company, namely ENGEL s.r.o. (private limited company) in Kaplice, to evaluate the working environment and relieve employees from musculoskeletal pain. The theoretical part deals with ergonomics and work positions, basic anatomy, theories of musculoskeletal disorders and the most common diseases resulting from poor and non-ergonomic positions during work. The data collection methodology was conducted at Engel with the cooperation of three probands. Based on the initial examination, an appropriate therapeutic intervention, i.e., a short-term and long-term rehabilitation plan, was selected using education of appropriate movement stereotypes and ergonomic positions during work activities. The initial examination included history taking, physical examination and completion of ergonomic questionnaires. In addition, an assessment of the workplace was performed using ergonomic checklists or test batteries. Therapy sessions were conducted over a period of three months. During each visit, manual therapy was performed, the exercises from the previous session were corrected, and new exercises were learnt. The exit examination was conducted in the form of an interview after eight therapy sessions and was compared with the entry examination. This thesis may be used as an educational material by anybody - physiotherapists or general public - with the interest in this subject.
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Možnost fyzioterapie u funkčních poruch pohybového aparátu ragbistů
MARTINIAK, Martin
My bachelor's thesis deals with the subject of functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system in a selected group of rugby players and the ensuing options to alleviate or eliminate these disorders, especially using compensatory exercises. The first goal of the bachelor's thesis is to identify which muscle imbalances and musculoskeletal disorders occur in rugby players, while the second goal was to suggest compensatory exercises for these muscle imbalances in the selected group of players. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part I describe rugby, the rules of rugby and the workload of players during a match. Then I describe the issues of functional disorders and muscle imbalances, followed by the role of physiotherapy in rugby, where I discuss the most common injuries, selected examination and therapeutic methods and compensatory exercises. The practical part is based on qualitative research of three players of the RLC Orli Havlíčkův Brod team. The research started with medical history and initial kinesiological analysis consisting of various examinations to identify shortened and weakened muscles and to detect general movement insufficiency; I summarized the results of the investigation in case reports. On the basis of these examinations I designed compensatory exercises to alleviate or eliminate these problems. The subjects went through the designed exercise module under my supervision once a week for three months - before and after each rugby practice, which they had twice a week. They were also given the option of voluntary individual exercise at home. The results of this thesis show that rugby generates certain muscle imbalances that affect most players, especially in the lower half of the body where functional disorders are the greatest. My objective was to educate players as well as coaches in the subject of muscle imbalance. This thesis could serve as a reference and educational material providing orientation in this area both for professionals and the general public.
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Ergonomie a fyzioterapie jakožto funkční jednotka k prevenci rozvoje muskuloskeletálních onemocnění
COLLIN, Dominik
Musculoskeletal disorders are diseases of the muscles, tendons, joints, bones and nerves. The etiopathogenesis of these diseases is multifactorial, the workload combined with specific movement habits and stereotypes of the individual certainly plays a role. The term workload includes local and total muscle load, load handling and working positions in combination with workplace design, work aids and, for example, physical and chemical factors that affect the worker's well-being.Musculoskeletal disorders can affect any part of the body. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders can cause serious and long-lasting health problems that make a person disabled in both personal and professional life. Ergonomics deals with the relationship among man - work environment - job aids. It tries to make the activities as easy as possible for the employees so that they feel as comfortable as possible in the work environment and do not overload the musculoskeletal system unnecessarily. From the physiotherapist's point of view, the local muscle load, total muscle load, load handling and correct posture play a role.The theoretical part of the thesis describes the definition and division of ergonomics, skeletal and muscle anatomy, posture, ergonomic requirements in occupational exposure, risk factors and the end of the theoretical part has been devoted to the most common musculoskeletal health complications associated with occupational exposure.To create the practical part, I have chosen a qualitative research method. The research has been carried out in the office and in the small switchboards department, which is part of the company ENGEL engineering company Ltd. Three probands from this department have been selected for research. After performing a kinesiological analysis and ergonomic investigation at the workplace, an individual therapeutic plan and recommendations for ergonomic adjustments in the occupational exposure have been created.
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The influence of postural stability changes on respiratory muscle strength in an adult with a functional disorder of the musculosceletal system
ŠIGUTOVÁ, Anežka
The bachelor thesis deals with the study of the effect of changes in postural stability on the strength of respiratory muscles in adults with a functional disorder of the musculoskeletal system. This work consists of two parts. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis is first devoted to breathing, its control, stereotype of breathing and respiratory muscles. A large part is also devoted to the diaphragm, which has not only respiratory but also postural function and its relationship to posture. Subsequently, it deals with the definition and ontogenesis of posture and its significance, postural stability, stabilization and reactivity. Furthermore, the deep stabilization system and its components are described. The last part deals with the issue of functional disorders and the most commonly used methods of therapy of functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system. The practical part of the work is a form of qualitative research and consists of three case studies. All subjects are women aged 21 to 23 years. I was the first to perform an initial examination, where I mainly examined the quality of postural stability and measured the strength of the respiratory muscles using a triflow spirometer. A total of six meetings were held with each patient. At the last, an exit examination was performed. Within the whole group, there was no significant change in the strength of the respiratory muscles when the postural stability changed, but there was a change in the examination of the respiratory stereotype and the diaphragmatic test. This bachelor thesis can serve as an inspiration for physiotherapeutic procedures in the treatment of functional disorders and the possibilities of influencing postural stability and respiratory muscles.
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Possibilities of physiotherapy for functional disorders caused by vocal loading in singers
BÁRTOVÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis is focused on the possibilities of physiotherapy for functional disorders from excessive vocal load in singers. Functional disorders caused by excessive vocal load are a very common, but also neglected issue of voice. These disorders are caused by a frequent overuse of the vocal cords by speech and singing voice, mainly due to a poor voice technique. Functional voice disorders occur in voices of the untrained, but also in voices of the profesionals. If vocal overload is not treated, phonaesthenia, hyperkinetic dysphonia or hypokinetic dysphonia may occur. If the patient is not getting treated even in this case, irreversible organic changes in their vocal system may occur. In functional vocal disorders, there is a dyscoordination of different parts of the vocal tract, hyperactivity of the exhalatory muscles, extra-laryngeal muscles, and vocal cord adductors. The treatment of functional disorders from excessive vocal load consists in the elimination of the primary causes. Re-education of the voice with the help of voice exercise and re-education of the related body system is important. The aim of this paperis to map the possibilities of physiotherapy for functional disorders from excessive vocal load in singers and to design an exercise unit as a prevention of functional vocal disorders. In the theoretical part, the bachelor thesis deals with the voice, the anatomy of the vocal system and its function. There are described functional voice disorders, their causes, and methods of treatment. Furthermore, the bachelor's thesis focuses on the description of physiotherapy options that can be used for functional disorders from excessive vocal load. The practical part of the bachelor thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is processed in the form of qualitative research. The research sample consists of two singers with repeated problems of overloaded vocal cords. The sample underwent an input and output kinesiological analysis and the design of the therapy was created according to the identified issues. The therapy had positive impact on both patients and helped their improvement. The second part is processed in quantitative form. The research sample consists of 100 amateur and professional singers who filled out a questionnaire focused on the education of respondents in the field of singing, their subjective opinion on the correct performance of singing, questions on vocal disorders and methods of their treatment. The questionnaire contains, as well, a short subjective test of vocal overload. The questionnaire maps singers' awareness and the incidence of vocal disorders among those surveyed. According to the results of the questionnaire, it can be stated that the education of singers is still insufficient. In accordance with the results of the questionnaire, a handbook for singers was compiled in order to prevent voice disorders with the help of prevention and to inform singers about functional voice disorders.
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Possibilities of compensatory exercises for young figure skaters
HUMLEROVÁ, Veronika
The bachelor thesis deals with the problem of posture of young figure skaters and compensatory exercise, which serves to prevent or remedy early functional movement disorders. The first aim of this bachelor thesis is to design and create a program of compensatory exercise for young figure skaters according to the assessment of the musculoskeletal load. The second aim is to evaluate its effectiveness in a selected group of figure skaters and the final goal is to create an educational booklet for autotherapy. The bachelor thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part contains information on the fundamentals and rules of compensation exercises. The thesis also outlines general information and history of figure skating, the most common muscle imbalance and the most common functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system in figure skating. The practical part includes the methodology, which was elaborated in the form of qualitative research and four girls from the synchronized skating section in Jihlava are part of the research. The research includes the anamnesis that was taken in the form of a semi-structured interview and a kinesiological examination. Subsequently, from this information were created casuistries and according to their assessment, I suggested and created an exercise unit of compensatory exercises. After a few weeks in the range of 2-3 months, I evaluated the effectiveness of this exercise. This thesis can be used as a source of information on the most common functional problems that young figure skaters often encounter. It can also be used as educational material for physiotherapists, coaches or figure skaters themselves.
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Possibilities of physiotherapy of muscular imbalances in recreational runners
HAVLOVÁ, Eliška
The thesis deals with an issue of muscle imbalances of recreational runners and possibility of influencing them by physiotherapy. The theoretical part describes muscle imbalances, their consequences and the most common types of muscle imbalances. There are mentioned muscle chains and their functional connections as well as the deep stabilization system (DSS). The thesis describes both the anatomy of the muscles that make up DSS and its physiological and pathological function. The thesis continues by describing running techniques, running equipment, footwear or running injuries, and there is a chapter on the relationship between functional muscle imbalances and running. There are presented suitable physiotherapeutic methods and procedures at the end of the theoretical part. The goals of the thesis include the description of the most common muscle imbalances of recreational runners and a compilation of suitable compensatory exercise units for recreational runners. The practical part of the bachelor's thesis is processed in the form of qualitative research, which consists of case studies. The research group consists of four recreational runners, two women and two men. These recreational runners run regularly. They run twice a week for one year at least. The research lasted 3 months. At the beginning of the research was provided an initial examination, including an anamnesis and kinesiological analysis. Therapy was based on the initial examination which included compensatory exercises and some manual treatments. Final kinesiological analysis and an overall evaluation of the therapy were performed after three months. During the final examination were recorded changes of the musculoskeletal system and postures of all probands. The results have shown better DSS activity, stabilization of key joints and it also affected some shortened muscle groups. The thesis includes examples of muscle imbalances of recreational runners and its physiotherapy. To the public as well as to professionals it can serve as a source of information about running and its connections with the musculoskeletal system.
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Problematics of musculosceletal dysfunction and chains
Hofman, David ; Malá, Jitka (advisor) ; Kučerová, Ilona (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system. It discusses the possible causing factors of these disorders, their manifestations on the body, diagnostics and the possibilities of influencing them. Since this is a very common phenomenon on the human body, I chose mainly the muscle, fascia and joint structure, which I explored and described in more depth. The experimental part of this work aims to demonstrate the possible impact of the intervention of the 1.-3. ribs and claviculosternal joint as described by Ludmila Mojžíšová on the muscles of the neck (m. scalenus anterior, medius and sternocleidomastoideus). To obtain results, I used the ultrasound examination of the diameter of these muscles and Visual analogue scale (VAS) to obtain pain values before and after the intervention using this method. Title: Problematics of musculoskeletal dysfunction and chains Objectives: The first goal of this paper is to collect currently recognized sources about musculoscletal functional disorders. I have described origins of this kind of problems, manifestation of these disorders and kinds of therapy. I've focused on functional disorders of muscle, fascia and joint. Second goal of this thesis is to evaluate a top-rated Prague rehabilitation school's method. Part of Prague...
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