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The use of molecular markers for the study of the impact of global change on fungal communities
Faltysová, Julie ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Koukol, Ondřej (referee)
Fungi are an essential part of life on Earth. Besides their main role in decomposition of organic matter, they belong among key symbiotic organisms and they take part in providing a range of ecosystem processes important for humankind such as primary production and with that related food availability or soil water regulation. For the study of fungal distribution, we often use a method called DNA metabarcoding which combines the use of specific molecular markers, most commonly universal fungal ITS, and high-throughput sequencing. The importance of the method has been rising in the current time of changing environment and it has helped us observe changes in fungal communities due to global change. It seems that primarily various climatic factors such as warming, changes in rainfall patterns and nitrogen deposition have strongly influenced community and fungal guilds composition. Consequently, these changes may potentially have an impact on ecosystem functioning so that their overall balance can be in threat. Key words: molecular markers, DNA metabarcoding, fungal community, warming, climate change, nitrogen deposition
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Charakterizace společenstva hub, podílejícího se na rozkladu opadu v jehličnatých lesích Národního parku Šumava
Žifčáková, Lucia ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Schierová, Michaela (referee)
Understanding of carbon cycling in coniferous forests that represent a large carbon sink is crucial for our understanding of natural processes under global climate change. Recognition of fungi as fundamental decomposers can contribute to this understanding. Fungi are able to decompose numbers of substrates and possess a variety of enzymes to do so In this study I present litter decomposing fungi in mountain spruce forest from national park Šumava. The aim of my thesis was to follow succession and community changes of fungi from the early stages of decomposition of Picea abies needles until degradation of organic matter in the organic horizon of the soil. This aim was accomplished partly by recording the extracellular enzyme production of fungi in different stages of decomposition from needles attached to the twigs of a fallen tree to a litter material in later stages of decomposition on the soil surface. In addition to testing of fungi on their natural substrata - needle litter, enzyme activities were also measured in laboratory agar cultures, which allow comparison of diverse fungi with different origins. Enzyme activities were aimed at enzymes decomposing cellulose and compounds found in litter. Although ecology of endophytic and saprothrophic fungi suggest differences in enzyme production, these...
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